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      Characteristics of the Mesophotic Megabenthic Assemblages of the Vercelli Seamount (North Tyrrhenian Sea)

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          Abstract

          The biodiversity of the megabenthic assemblages of the mesophotic zone of a Tyrrhenian seamount (Vercelli Seamount) is described using Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) video imaging from 100 m depth to the top of the mount around 61 m depth. This pinnacle hosts a rich coralligenous community characterized by three different assemblages: (i) the top shows a dense covering of the kelp Laminaria rodriguezii; (ii) the southern side biocoenosis is mainly dominated by the octocorals Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella cavolinii; while (iii) the northern side of the seamount assemblage is colonized by active filter-feeding organisms such as sponges (sometimes covering 100% of the surface) with numerous colonies of the ascidian Diazona violacea, and the polychaete Sabella pavonina. This study highlights, also for a Mediterranean seamount, the potential role of an isolated rocky peak penetrating the euphotic zone, to work as an aggregating structure, hosting abundant benthic communities dominated by suspension feeders, whose distribution may vary in accordance to the geomorphology of the area and the different local hydrodynamic conditions.

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          Seasonality in coastal benthic ecosystems.

          Rafel Coma, Marta Ribes, Josep-Maria Gili … (2000)
          For historical reasons, knowledge about seasonality in the dynamics of marine benthic suspension feeders from temperate areas comes mainly from studies of cold temperate seas. Recent surveys of Mediterranean taxa show different patterns from those observed in cold temperate seas, which are characterized by winter dormancy. In the Mediterranean, summer dormancy predominates among taxa and appears to be related to energetic constraints. Temperature and food availability are crucial to the dynamics of benthic suspension feeders. However, because these factors tend to be positively correlated in cold temperate seas, it is difficult to distinguish between their effects. Such correlation does not occur in Mediterranean ecosystems. The contrast between recent studies in the Mediterranean and in other areas can help to disentangle confounded environmental controls.
          Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific.

            Helga E. de Vries, A Koslow, Alistair G B Poore (2000)
            Seamounts comprise a unique deep-sea environment, characterized by substantially enhanced currents and a fauna that is dominated by suspension feeders, such as corals. The potential importance of these steep-sided undersea mountains, which are generally of volcanic origin, to ocean biogeography and diversity was recognized over 40 years ago, but this environment has remained very poorly explored. A review of seamount biota and biogeography reported a total of 597 invertebrate species recorded from seamounts worldwide since the Challenger expedition of 1872. Most reports, based on a single taxonomic group, were extremely limited: 5 seamounts of the estimated more than 30,000 seamounts in the world's oceans accounted for 72% of the species recorded. Only 15% of the species occurring on seamounts were considered potential seamount endemics. Here we report the discovery of more than 850 macro- and megafaunal species from seamounts in the Tasman Sea and southeast Coral Sea, of which 29-34% are new to science and potential seamount endemics. Low species overlap between seamounts in different portions of the region indicates that the seamounts in clusters or along ridge systems function as 'island groups' or 'chains' leading to highly localized species distributions and apparent speciation between groups or ridge systems that is exceptional for the deep sea. These results have substantial implications for the conservation of this fauna, which is threatened by fishing activity.
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              Endemicity, Biogeography, Composition, and Community Structure On a Northeast Pacific Seamount

              Craig R McClain, Lonny Lundsten, Micki Ream … (2009)
              The deep ocean greater than 1 km covers the majority of the earth's surface. Interspersed on the abyssal plains and continental slope are an estimated 14000 seamounts, topographic features extending 1000 m off the seafloor. A variety of hypotheses are posited that suggest the ecological, evolutionary, and oceanographic processes on seamounts differ from those governing the surrounding deep sea. The most prominent and oldest of these hypotheses, the seamount endemicity hypothesis (SMEH), states that seamounts possess a set of isolating mechanisms that produce highly endemic faunas. Here, we constructed a faunal inventory for Davidson Seamount, the first bathymetric feature to be characterized as a ‘seamount’, residing 120 km off the central California coast in approximately 3600 m of water (Fig 1). We find little support for the SMEH among megafauna of a Northeast Pacific seamount; instead, finding an assemblage of species that also occurs on adjacent continental margins. A large percentage of these species are also cosmopolitan with ranges extending over much of the Pacific Ocean Basin. Despite the similarity in composition between the seamount and non-seamount communities, we provide preliminary evidence that seamount communities may be structured differently and potentially serve as source of larvae for suboptimal, non-seamount habitats.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 February 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: e16357
                Affiliations
                [1 ]DisMar, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
                [2 ]DipTeRis, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
                [3 ]CNR-ISMAR, Sezione di La Spezia, Pozzuolo di Lerici, Italy
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service/Southwest Fisheries Science Center, United States of America
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Bo M. Borghini GPG PP GB. Performed the experiments: M. Bo MC ACH CM KS GB. Analyzed the data: M. Bo M. Bertolino MC CGDC PP AP GB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: M. Bo GPG PP GB. Wrote the paper: M. Bo CGDC PP AP GB. ROV videos analysis: M. Bo M. Bertolino CGDC GB. Species identification: M. Bo M. Bertolino CGDC GB. Statistical analysis: M. Bo AP. Supporting revision and intellectual contribution: PP AP GB.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-10-00567
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016357
                PMC ID: 3033400
                PubMed ID: 21304906
                SO-VID: 806f851c-e420-4d62-82a6-d0640692f010
                Copyright © Bo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 11 August 2010
                Date accepted : 27 December 2010
                Page count
                Pages: 11
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Community Ecology
                Subject: Community Structure
                Subject: Autecology
                Subject: Biodiversity
                Subject: Biota
                Subject: Population Ecology
                Subject: Marine Biology
                Subject: Marine Ecology
                Subject: Population Biology
                Subject: Population Ecology
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Animal Taxonomy
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Subject: Marine Biology
                Subject: Marine Ecology
                Subject: Oceanography

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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