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      Fear of COVID-19, Insomnia, and Eating Disorder Symptoms among Iranian College Students

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Eating disorders (EDs), fear of COVID-19, and insomnia have all increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western societies. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 and sleep disturbances relate to ED symptoms in Western societies. However, it is unknown whether fear of COVID-19 and insomnia relate to ED symptoms in non-Western countries, such as Iran. Thus, this study examined the relation between fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and ED symptoms among Iranian college students. Specifically, we hypothesized that insomnia and fear of COVID-19 would each uniquely relate to ED symptoms and the interaction between insomnia and fear of COVID-19 would also associate with increased ED symptoms.

          Method

          College students ( N =1,043) filled out measures assessing fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and ED symptoms. We ran moderation analyses using linear regression for global ED symptoms and negative binomial regressions for binge eating and purging.

          Results

          Fear of COVID-19 and insomnia had unique effects on global ED symptoms and binge eating. Insomnia, but not fear of COVID-19, had a unique effect on purging. No significant interaction effect was found.

          Discussion

          This study was the first to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and insomnia on ED symptoms in Iran. Fear of COVID-19 and insomnia should be incorporated into novel assessments and treatments for EDs.

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          The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation

          Daniel Ahorsu, Chung-Ying Lin, Vida Imani … (2020)
          Background The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals worldwide. The present study developed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to complement the clinical efforts in preventing the spread and treating of COVID-19 cases. Methods The sample comprised 717 Iranian participants. The items of the FCV-19S were constructed based on extensive review of existing scales on fears, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Results After panel review and corrected item-total correlation testing, seven items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation (0.47 to 0.56) were retained and further confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings (0.66 to 0.74). Also, other properties evaluated using both classical test theory and Rasch model were satisfactory on the seven-item scale. More specifically, reliability values such as internal consistency (α = .82) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .72) were acceptable. Concurrent validity was supported by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (with depression, r = 0.425 and anxiety, r = 0.511) and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (with perceived infectability, r = 0.483 and germ aversion, r = 0.459). Conclusion The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, a seven-item scale, has robust psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population and will also be useful in allaying COVID-19 fears among individuals.
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            Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review

            Marie Galmiche, Pierre Déchelotte, Grégory Lambert … (2019)
            Eating disorders (EDs) lead to multiple psychiatric and somatic complications and thus constitute a major public health concern.
            Article 0 comments Cited 313 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population

              Panteleimon Voitsidis, Ioannis Gliatas, Vasiliki Bairachtari … (2020)
              Highlights • Insomnia prevalence in the Greek population during COVID-19 pandemic was estimated at 37.6% • Women and those living in urban areas are affected more. • Loneliness, intolerance to uncertainty, depression, COVID-19 related worry are predictive factors.
              Article 0 comments Cited 190 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Affect Disord Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Affect Disord Rep
                Title: Journal of Affective Disorders Reports
                Publisher: The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2666-9153
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 May 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 May 2023
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100601
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [b ]Miami University, Department of Psychology, Oxford, Ohio, United States
                [c ]Auburn University, Department of Psychology, Auburn, AL, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: April Smith, Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849-9027, USA
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2666-9153(23)00140-3 Publisher ID: 100601
                DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100601
                PMC ID: 10198744
                SO-VID: 7ea1aa4a-3f32-432c-af5b-7f069a848477
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 21 December 2022
                Date revision received : 10 April 2023
                Date accepted : 18 May 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                Keywords: fear of covid-19,insomnia,global eating disorder symptoms,binge eating,purging,college students
                Data availability:
                Keywords: fear of covid-19, insomnia, global eating disorder symptoms, binge eating, purging, college students

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