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      Workplace breastfeeding support for working women: A scale development study

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          Abstract

          Objective

          In this study, authors aimed to develop a scale to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support.

          Methods

          The study was carried out with 490 working women who applied to the women's and children's outpatient clinics of a hospital in Turkey. The study data were collected by using a 'Personal Information Form' and the 'Workplace Breastfeeding Support for Working Women Draft Scale'. The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and AMOS 21 software packages. In the development process of the scale; Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation methods and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used.

          Results

          The content validity index of the scale was 0.90, and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.93. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the scale was 0.91, Bartlett test values were χ2 = 11,573.924 and p < 0.000. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity of the scale, the scale consisted of 31 items and 6 factors.

          Conclusions

          The developed scale can be used to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support for working women as a valid and reliable measurement tool.

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          Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error

          Claes Fornell, David Larcker (1981)
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            The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education

            Keith Taber (2018)
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              Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer

              Godfred O Boateng, Torsten Neilands, Edward A. Frongillo … (2018)
              Scale development and validation are critical to much of the work in the health, social, and behavioral sciences. However, the constellation of techniques required for scale development and evaluation can be onerous, jargon-filled, unfamiliar, and resource-intensive. Further, it is often not a part of graduate training. Therefore, our goal was to concisely review the process of scale development in as straightforward a manner as possible, both to facilitate the development of new, valid, and reliable scales, and to help improve existing ones. To do this, we have created a primer for best practices for scale development in measuring complex phenomena. This is not a systematic review, but rather the amalgamation of technical literature and lessons learned from our experiences spent creating or adapting a number of scales over the past several decades. We identified three phases that span nine steps. In the first phase, items are generated and the validity of their content is assessed. In the second phase, the scale is constructed. Steps in scale construction include pre-testing the questions, administering the survey, reducing the number of items, and understanding how many factors the scale captures. In the third phase, scale evaluation, the number of dimensions is tested, reliability is tested, and validity is assessed. We have also added examples of best practices to each step. In sum, this primer will equip both scientists and practitioners to understand the ontology and methodology of scale development and validation, thereby facilitating the advancement of our understanding of a range of health, social, and behavioral outcomes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 733 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Havva Yeşildere Sağlam
                Nebahat Özerdoğan
                Berrak Mizrak Şahin
                Elif Gürsoy
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X
                Title: European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2590-1613
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 September 2023
                Publication date Collection: December 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 September 2023
                Volume: 20
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100239
                Affiliations
                [a ]Kütahya Health Sciences University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kütahya, Turkey
                [b ]Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Eskisehir, Turkey
                [c ]Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bilecik, Turkey
                [d ]Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Eskisehir, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. havvayesildere@ 123456gmail.com
                [1]

                ORCID ID 0000-0001-8311-3745.

                [2]

                ORCID ID 0000-0003-1322-046X.

                [3]

                ORCID ID 0000-0001-7757-5003.

                [4]

                ORCID ID 0000-0003-0147-8682.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2590-1613(23)00064-9 Publisher ID: 100239
                DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100239
                PMC ID: 10520338
                PubMed ID: 37766872
                SO-VID: 7e7564df-2917-43a8-a0f0-c9eb8baba33c
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 13 July 2023
                Date revision received : 20 August 2023
                Date accepted : 2 September 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine

                Keywords: breastfeeding,working women,workplace support,validity and reliability analyses
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breastfeeding, working women, workplace support, validity and reliability analyses

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