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      The Effect of a Textured Insole on Symmetry of Turning

      research-article
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Rehabilitation Research and Practice
      Publisher: Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Turning while walking is a common daily activity. Individuals with unilateral impairment frequently perform turns asymmetrically. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a discomfort-inducing textured insole on symmetry of turning. Nine healthy individuals performed turns to the right while walking with no insole, immediately after the insole was inserted in the right shoe, and after walking for six minutes with the insole. The duration of turning, displacements of pelvic markers, and perceived level of discomfort were evaluated. Utilizing the insole was associated with the increased level of perceived discomfort ( p < 0.05). Moreover, using the insole was linked to changes in the displacement of two pelvic markers and larger asymmetry index while turning immediately after the insole was inserted in the right shoe as compared to no insole condition ( p < 0.05). The duration of right turning increased immediately after the insole was inserted ( p < 0.05) and after walking with the insole for six minutes. The results indicate that the textured insole creates asymmetry of turning in healthy individuals. The outcome provides a background for future studies focused on using a textured insole to minimize the asymmetry of turning commonly seen in individuals with unilateral impairment.

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          Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: a comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization.

          Kara K. Patterson, William Gage, Dina Brooks … (2010)
          Symmetry is a gait characteristic that is increasingly measured and reported, particularly in the stroke patient population. However, there is no accepted standard for assessing symmetry making it difficult to compare across studies and establish criteria to guide clinical decision making. This study compares the most common expressions of spatiotemporal gait symmetry to describe post-stroke gait and makes recommendations regarding the most suitable measure for standardization. The following symmetry equations were compared: symmetry ratio, symmetry index, gait asymmetry and symmetry angle using step length, swing time, stance time, double support time and an intra-limb ratio of swing: stance time. Comparisons were made within a group of 161 community-dwelling, ambulatory individuals with stroke and 81 healthy adults as a reference group. Our analysis supports the recommendations of the symmetry ratio as the equation for standardization and step length, swing time and stance time as the gait parameters to be used in the equation. Future work should focus on establishing the intra-individual variability of these measures and linking them to mechanisms of gait dysfunction. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 175 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers.

            Emma Stack, Ann Ashburn, D Hyndman (2002)
            To describe the frequency and circumstances of falls among a community sample of people with stroke and to compare characteristics of fallers and nonfallers. Cross-sectional, observational study. Community. Forty-one community-dwelling people with stroke (26 men, 15 women; mean age, 69.7 +/- 11.6y), of which 23 had right-hemisphere infarction, 16 left-hemisphere infarction, and 2 had a brainstem lesion. Time since onset of stroke ranged from 3 to 288 months (mean, 50mo). Not applicable. Standardized tests were used to measure mobility, upper limb function, activities of daily living (ADL ability), and mood. Information about fall events was collected by using a questionnaire. Twenty-one participants (50%) were classed as fallers, of whom 10 had fallen repeatedly. No significant differences were found between fallers and nonfallers on any of the measures used. However, those who had 2 or more falls (n = 10) had significantly reduced arm function (P = .018) and ADL ability (P = .010), compared with those who had not fallen or experienced near falls (n = 5). Loss of balance, misjudgment, and foot dragging during walking, turning, and sit to stand were reported by fallers as the suspected causes and activities leading to falls. The high risk of falling among people with stroke was evident in this community-based sample. Repeat fallers had greater mobility deficits and significantly reduced arm function and ADL ability than those who did not report any instability. Copyright 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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              Fall frequency and characteristics and the risk of hip fractures.

              I J Klineberg, Jonathan R. Cumming (1994)
              The 2 objectives of this study were to investigate the association between history of falls and risk of hip fracture and to identify characteristics of falls that determine whether or not a hip fracture will occur. Population-based case-control study. Subjects were selected from the community and from nursing homes in Sydney, Australia. There were 412 subjects (205 cases, 207 controls) in the part of the study concerned with falls frequency and risk of hip fracture (age range 65-100 years). Differences between hip fracture-related falls and other falls were studied in 209 cognitively intact subjects: 84 controls who had fallen at least once in the previous 3 years and 125 cases. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire. There was a strong relationship between reported number of falls in the past year and risk of hip fracture. This relationship was stronger among men than among women. There was only 1 statistically significant fall characteristic associated with risk of hip fracture; falling while turning was much more likely to lead to a hip fracture than falling when walking in one direction (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio: 7.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-43.0). (1) Taking a simple falls history is a useful way of identifying elderly people, particularly men, at increased risk of hip fracture; (2) The direction of a fall is an important determinant of hip fracture occurrence.
              Article 0 comments Cited 56 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alexander S. Aruin:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4529
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Rehabil Res Pract
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Rehabil Res Pract
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RERP
                Title: Rehabilitation Research and Practice
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-2867
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-2875
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 March 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6134529
                Affiliations
                Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Eric Kerckhofs

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4529
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/6134529
                PMC ID: 5883927
                SO-VID: 7d576c2d-7a47-4afa-aaae-a2f98f594ad2
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Etem Curuk et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2017
                Date accepted : 29 January 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: American Heart Association
                Award ID: 14GRNT20150040
                Funded by: University of Illinois at Chicago
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care

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