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      Exclusive breastfeeding village program increased the role of health cadres

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          Abstract

          Background: Exclusive Breastfeeding Village Program was launched by Government in 2016 to increase public awareness on the need to feed babies exclusively with breast milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the exclusive breastfeeding village program in increasing the role of health cadres to promote breastfeeding practices.

          Design and Methods: The design of this study was pre experimental with one group pre-post design with 102 cadres chosen by simple random sampling techniques. A Wilcoxon signed rank test with a significance level α=0.05 was used to measure the effectiveness of the program.

          Results: The results showed that the value of P<0.05, it means that exclusive breastfeeding village program increased the role of health cadres and this is expected to be reflected in the improvement of the health of mothers and babies. The program has a strategic role to increase the knowledge and skills of support groups, make mothers understand the benefits of proper breastfeeding, and encourage eating good foods in order to maintain adequate nutrition.

          Conclusions: The breastfeeding village program has the ability to improve the knowledge and skills of health cadres.

          Significance for public health

          Successful implementation of a breastfeeding program requires the complete commitment of mothers through early initiation, maintaining correct positions, feeding the baby on demand, and practicing exclusive feeding by giving infant breast milk up to 6 months without any other food except drugs and vitamins. This paper describes the effect of exclusive breastfeeding village program in increasing the role of health cadres to promote breastfeeding practices.

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          Most cited references25

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          The role and influence of grandmothers on child nutrition: culturally designated advisors and caregivers.

          Judi Aubel (2011)
          Improving the nutritional status of infants and young children in developing countries depends to a significant extent on adoption of optimal nutrition-related practices within the context of the household. Most policies, research and programmes on child nutrition in non-Western societies focus narrowly on the mother-child dyad and fail to consider the wider household and community environments in which other actors, hierarchical patterns of authority and informal communication networks operate and influence such practices. In particular, the role and influence of senior women, or grandmothers, has received limited attention. Research dealing with child nutrition from numerous socio-cultural settings in Africa, Asia and Latin America reveals three common patterns related to the social dynamics and decision-making within households and communities. First, grandmothers play a central role as advisers to younger women and as caregivers of both women and children on nutrition and health issues. Second, grandmother social networks exercise collective influence on maternal and child nutrition-related practices, specifically regarding pregnancy, feeding and care of infants, young children and sick children. Third, men play a relatively limited role in day-to-day child nutrition within family systems. The research reviewed supports the need to re-conceptualize the parameters considered in nutritional policies and programmes by expanding the focus beyond the mother-child dyad to include grandmothers given their role as culturally designated advisers and caregivers. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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            Determinants of breastfeeding practices: an analysis of the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007.

            Upul Senarath, Indika Siriwardena, Sanjeeva S.P. Godakandage … (2011)
            Identification of factors that predict a woman's infant feeding choice is important for breastfeeding promotion programmes. We analysed a subsample of children under 2 years of age from the most recent Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) to assess breastfeeding practices and factors associated with suboptimal practices. SLDHS 2006-2007 used a stratified two-stage cluster sample of ever-married women aged 15-49 years. Breastfeeding indicators were estimated for the last-born children (n = 2735). Selected indicators were examined against independent variables through cross-tabulations and multivariate analyses. Of the sample, 83.3% initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth. Continuation rates declined from 92.6% in first year to 83.5% in second year. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate under 6 months of age was 75.8%, with median duration being 4.8 months. Delayed initiation of breastfeeding was associated with low birthweight [odds ratio (OR) = 2.24] and caesarean delivery (OR = 3.30), but less likely among female infants (OR = 0.75), mothers from 'estate' sector (OR = 0.61) or richer wealth quintile (OR = 0.60). Non-EBF was associated with children from urban areas (OR = 1.72) and estate sector (OR = 4.48) and absence of post-natal visits by a public health midwife (OR = 1.89). A child was at risk for not currently breastfeeding if born in a private hospital (OR = 3.73), delivered by caesarean section (OR = 1.46) or lived in urban areas (OR = 2.80) or estate sector (OR = 3.23). Those living in estates (OR = 11.4) and not receiving post-natal home visits (OR = 2.62) were more likely to discontinue breastfeeding by 1 year. Breastfeeding indicators in Sri Lanka were higher compared with many countries and determined by socio-economic and health care system factors. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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              Grandmother breastfeeding support: what do mothers need and want?

              Jane Grassley, Valerie Eschiti (2008)
              Grandmothers are an important source of support for new mothers. Their infant feeding experience and knowledge can influence mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to explore mothers' perceptions of grandmothers' breastfeeding knowledge and support, as part of a larger study to design an intervention that facilitates the development of grandmothers' support of breastfeeding. Thirty mothers participated in one of four focus groups held in a North Texas metropolitan area. We analyzed the text of each focus group interview using the content analysis method and identified five themes within and across groups that described mothers' perceptions of grandmother breastfeeding support. The essence of what mothers needed and wanted from grandmothers could be summarized as grandmother breastfeeding advocacy, which is defined by the two themes, "valuing breastfeeding" and "loving encouragement." Three other themes, "acknowledging barriers,"confronting myths," and "current breastfeeding knowledge," reflected mothers' perceptions of what grandmothers need to become their advocates, particularly if they did not breastfeed their own children. Breastfeeding occurs within the context of an extended family in which grandmothers bring their own infant feeding practices and beliefs to their support of new mothers. Mothers need and want grandmothers' support, but their advice and concerns may reflect cultural beliefs that do not protect breastfeeding. Including grandmothers in conversations about breastfeeding practices can be one way for health caregivers to enhance grandmothers' knowledge and support of breastfeeding.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Public Health Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JPHR
                Title: Journal of Public Health Research
                Publisher: PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy
                ISSN (Print): 2279-9028
                ISSN (Electronic): 2279-9036
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 July 2020
                Publication date Collection: 03 July 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1822
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health
                [2 ]Department of Health Policy and Administration Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga , Mulyorejo, Surabaya Indonesia
                [3 ]Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama , Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
                Author notes
                Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia. +62315920948 - +62315924618 nyoman.ad@ 123456fkm.unair.ac.id

                Contributions: The authors contributed equally.

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

                Clinical trials: The study did not involve any clinical trial.

                Conference presentation: Part of this paper was presented at the 4t h International Symposium of Public Health (4th ISOPH) Gold Coast - Australia, October 29– 31 2019.

                Article
                DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1822
                PMC ID: 7376468
                SO-VID: 7d0ae219-8c2f-454c-890e-72c9869278a1
                Copyright © ©Copyright: the Author(s)
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 06 March 2020
                Date accepted : 13 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 3
                Funding
                Funding: This study was financially supported by the Universitas Airlangga and Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya.
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding village program,role of health cadres
                Data availability:
                Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding village program, role of health cadres

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