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      A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts

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          Abstract

          With SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, research is needed to assess intention to vaccinate. We conducted a survey ( N = 3,159) with U.S. adults in May 2020 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions, intentions with a provider recommendation, and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Participants had high SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions ( M = 5.23/7-point scale), which increased significantly with a provider recommendation ( M = 5.47). Hierarchical linear regression showed that less education and working in health care were associated with lower intent, and liberal political views, altruism, and COVID-19-related health beliefs were associated with higher intent. This work can inform interventions to increase vaccine uptake, ultimately reducing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.

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          Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed

          Nicole Lurie, Melanie Saville, Richard Hatchett … (2020)
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            Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine among Adults in the United States: How Many People Would Get Vaccinated?

            Paul L Reiter, Michael L. Pennell, Mira L. Katz (2020)
            Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Several prophylactic vaccines against COVID-19 are currently in development, yet little is known about people’s acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods We conducted an online survey of adults ages 18 and older in the United States (n=2,006) in May 2020. Multivariable relative risk regression identified correlates of participants’ willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., vaccine acceptability). Results Overall, 69% of participants were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Participants were more likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they thought their healthcare provider would recommend vaccination (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.49–2.02) or if they were moderate (RR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16) or liberal (RR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.22) in their political leaning. Participants were also more likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they reported higher levels of perceived likelihood getting a COVID-19 infection in the future (RR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09), perceived severity of COVID-19 infection (RR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11), or perceived effectiveness of a COVID-19 vaccine (RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.40–1.52). Participants were less likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they were non-Latinx black (RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.90) or reported a higher level of perceived potential vaccine harms (RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98). Conclusions Many adults are willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine, though acceptability should be monitored as vaccine development continues. Our findings can help guide future efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptability (and uptake if a vaccine becomes available).
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              Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: A systematic review

              Alison Bish, Lucy Yardley, Angus Nicoll … (2011)
              In June 2009 a global influenza pandemic was declared by the World Health Organisation. A vaccination programme against H1N1 influenza was introduced in many countries from September 2009, but there was low uptake in both the general population and health professionals in many, though not all, countries. To examine the psychological and demographic factors associated with uptake of vaccination during the 2009 pandemic. A systematic literature review searching Web of Science and PubMed databases up to 24 January 2011. 37 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Using the framework of Protection Motivation Theory the review found that both the degree of threat experienced in the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak and perceptions of vaccination as an effective coping strategy were associated with stronger intentions and higher uptake of vaccination. Appraisal of threat resulted from both believing oneself to be at risk from developing H1N1 influenza and concern and worry about the disease. Appraisal of coping resulted from concerns about the safety of the vaccine and its side effects. There was evidence of an influence of social pressure in that people who thought that others wanted them to be vaccinated were more likely to do so and people getting their information about vaccination from official health sources being more likely to be vaccinated than those relying on unofficial sources. There was also a strong influence of past behaviour, with those having been vaccinated in the past against seasonal influenza being more likely to be vaccinated against pandemic influenza. Demographic factors associated with higher intentions and uptake of vaccination were: older age, male gender, being from an ethnic minority and, for health professionals, being a doctor. Interventions designed to increase vaccination rates could be developed and implemented in advance of a pandemic. Strategies to improve uptake of vaccination include interventions which highlight the risk posed by pandemic influenza while simultaneously offering tactics to ameliorate this risk (e.g. vaccination). Perceived concerns about vaccination can be tackled by reducing the omission bias (a perception that harm caused by action is worse than harm caused by inaction). In addition, interventions to increase seasonal influenza vaccination in advance of a future pandemic may be an effective strategy. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Commun
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SCX
                Journal ID (hwp): spscx
                Title: Science Communication
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 1075-5470
                ISSN (Electronic): 1552-8545
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 September 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1075547020960463
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
                [2 ]Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
                [3 ]Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
                Author notes
                [*]Katharine J. Head, Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, IU School of Liberal Arts, 450 University Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256, USA. Email: headkj@ 123456iupui.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8946-1716
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_1075547020960463
                DOI: 10.1177/1075547020960463
                PMC ID: 7520657
                PubMed ID: 38602991
                SO-VID: 780907b7-b21c-49ac-b9b9-efe4b1dacf31
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Department of Communication Studies, IU School of Liberal Arts, ;
                Funded by: Department of Adolescent Medicine, IU School of Medicine, ;
                Funded by: Indiana University Health Department of Clinical Ethics, ;
                Funded by: Department of Public Health/College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, ;
                Categories
                Subject: Research Notes
                Custom metadata
                edited-state corrected-proof
                typesetter ts1

                Keywords: vaccination intentions,covid-19,sars-cov-2,perceived threat,provider recommendation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: vaccination intentions, covid-19, sars-cov-2, perceived threat, provider recommendation

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