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      Supernova light-curve fitters and Dark Energy

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          Abstract

          We show that when a procedure is made to remove the tension between a supernova Ia (SN Ia) data set and observations from BAO and CMB, there might be the case where the same SN Ia set built with two different light-curve fitters behaves as two separate and distinct supernova sets, and the tension found by some authors between supernova sets actually could be due to tension or inconsistency between fitters. We also show that the information of the fitter used in an SN Ia data set could be relevant to determine whether phantom type models are favored or not when such a set is combined with the BAO/CMB joint parameter.

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          The Case for a Positive Cosmological Lambda-term

          Varun Sahni, Alexei Starobinsky (1999)
          Recent observations of Type 1a supernovae indicating an accelerating universe have once more drawn attention to the possible existence, at the present epoch, of a small positive Lambda-term (cosmological constant). In this paper we review both observational and theoretical aspects of a small cosmological Lambda-term. We discuss the current observational situation focusing on cosmological tests of Lambda including the age of the universe, high redshift supernovae, gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering and the cosmic microwave background. We also review the theoretical debate surrounding Lambda: the generation of Lambda in models with spontaneous symmetry breaking and through quantum vacuum polarization effects -- mechanisms which are known to give rise to alarge value of Lambda hence leading to the `cosmological constant problem'. More recent attempts to generate a small cosmological constant at the present epoch using either field theoretic techniques, or by modeling a dynamical Lambda-term by scalar fields are also extensively discussed. Anthropic arguments favouring a small cosmological constant are briefly reviewed. A comprehensive bibliography of recent work on Lambda is provided.
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            Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe

            Michael Turner, Dragan Huterer, Joshua A Frieman (2008)
            The discovery ten years ago that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating put in place the last major building block of the present cosmological model, in which the Universe is composed of 4% baryons, 20% dark matter, and 76% dark energy. At the same time, it posed one of the most profound mysteries in all of science, with deep connections to both astrophysics and particle physics. Cosmic acceleration could arise from the repulsive gravity of dark energy -- for example, the quantum energy of the vacuum -- or it may signal that General Relativity breaks down on cosmological scales and must be replaced. We review the present observational evidence for cosmic acceleration and what it has revealed about dark energy, discuss the various theoretical ideas that have been proposed to explain acceleration, and describe the key observational probes that will shed light on this enigma in the coming years.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              Publication date Created: 19 October 2010
              Publication date Updated: 2010-12-13
              Article
              DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.12.014
              ArXiV ID: 1010.4014
              SO-VID: 7778836c-c0f0-4461-93e8-c5d72ead8959
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              http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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              Journal reference Phys. Lett. B 696 (2011) 5
              Comments 8 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables. Improved version. Accepted in Phys. Lett. B
              Categories astro-ph.CO gr-qc hep-th

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