Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ivosidenib or Enasidenib Combined With Intensive Induction and Consolidation Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed IDH1/2‐Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (mIDH1/2) proteins catalyze production of the oncometabolite D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG). Ivosidenib and enasidenib are oral inhibitors of mIDH1 and mIDH2, respectively. An open‐label phase 1 study is evaluating the safety and efficacy of ivosidenib or enasidenib combined with intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1/2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML; NCT02632708). In this population, we characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK/PD relationships for ivosidenib and enasidenib.

Patients received continuous oral ivosidenib 500 mg once daily or enasidenib 100 mg once daily combined with chemotherapy. Serial blood samples were collected for measurement of the concentrations of the mIDH inhibitors. 2‐HG concentrations were measured in both plasma and bone marrow aspirates. Samples were collected from 60 patients receiving ivosidenib and 91 receiving enasidenib. For both drugs, exposures at steady state were higher than after single doses, with mean accumulation ratios (based on area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 24 hours) of 2.35 and 8.25 for ivosidenib and enasidenib, respectively. Mean plasma 2‐HG concentrations were elevated at baseline. After multiple ivosidenib or enasidenib doses, mean trough plasma 2‐HG concentrations decreased to levels observed in healthy individuals and were maintained with continued dosing. There was a corresponding reduction in bone marrow 2‐HG concentrations. When combined with intensive chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1/ 2 AML, ivosidenib and enasidenib demonstrated PK/PD profiles similar to those when they are given as single agents. These findings support the dosing of ivosidenib or enasidenib in combination with intensive chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1/2 AML.