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      Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To introduce blockchain technologies, including their benefits, pitfalls, and the latest applications, to the biomedical and health care domains.

          Target Audience

          Biomedical and health care informatics researchers who would like to learn about blockchain technologies and their applications in the biomedical/health care domains.

          Scope

          The covered topics include: (1) introduction to the famous Bitcoin crypto-currency and the underlying blockchain technology; (2) features of blockchain; (3) review of alternative blockchain technologies; (4) emerging nonfinancial distributed ledger technologies and applications; (5) benefits of blockchain for biomedical/health care applications when compared to traditional distributed databases; (6) overview of the latest biomedical/health care applications of blockchain technologies; and (7) discussion of the potential challenges and proposed solutions of adopting blockchain technologies in biomedical/health care domains.

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          Most cited references31

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          Password authentication with insecure communication

          Leslie Lamport (1981)
          Article 0 comments Cited 253 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control.

            Xiao Yue, Huiju Wang, Dawei Jin … (2016)
            Healthcare data are a valuable source of healthcare intelligence. Sharing of healthcare data is one essential step to make healthcare system smarter and improve the quality of healthcare service. Healthcare data, one personal asset of patient, should be owned and controlled by patient, instead of being scattered in different healthcare systems, which prevents data sharing and puts patient privacy at risks. Blockchain is demonstrated in the financial field that trusted, auditable computing is possible using a decentralized network of peers accompanied by a public ledger. In this paper, we proposed an App (called Healthcare Data Gateway (HGD)) architecture based on blockchain to enable patient to own, control and share their own data easily and securely without violating privacy, which provides a new potential way to improve the intelligence of healthcare systems while keeping patient data private. Our proposed purpose-centric access model ensures patient own and control their healthcare data; simple unified Indicator-Centric Schema (ICS) makes it possible to organize all kinds of personal healthcare data practically and easily. We also point out that MPC (Secure Multi-Party Computing) is one promising solution to enable untrusted third-party to conduct computation over patient data without violating privacy.
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              MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management

              Andrew Lippman, Ariel Ekblaw, Thiago Vieira … (2016)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Am Med Inform Assoc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Am Med Inform Assoc
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jamia
                Title: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1067-5027
                ISSN (Electronic): 1527-974X
                Publication date (Print): November 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 September 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 08 September 2017
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1211-1220
                Affiliations
                [1 ]UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
                [2 ]Division of Health Services Research and Development, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Lucila Ohno-Machado, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92130, USA. E-mail: lohnomachado@ 123456ucsd.edu ; Phone: +1 (858) 822-4931.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ocx068
                DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocx068
                PMC ID: 6080687
                PubMed ID: 29016974
                SO-VID: 76dde9b5-f44b-455a-a672-a7cc69cebfb2
                Copyright © © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 22 February 2017
                Date revision received : 22 May 2017
                Date accepted : 30 June 2017
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health 10.13039/100000002
                Award ID: U24AI117966
                Award ID: U54HL108460
                Award ID: IIR12-068
                Funded by: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute 10.13039/100006093
                Award ID: CDRN-1306-04819
                Categories
                Subject: Reviews

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Bioinformatics & Computational biology
                Keywords: blockchain,distributed ledger technology,health information exchange,security,interoperability
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Bioinformatics & Computational biology
                Keywords: blockchain, distributed ledger technology, health information exchange, security, interoperability

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