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      The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A syndemic perspective

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected communities, populations, and countries throughout the world. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic developed, the extent to which the disease interacted with already existing endemic, non-communicable and infectious diseases became evident, hence deeply influencing health outcomes. Additionally, a synergistic effect has been demonstrated also with socio-economic, cultural, and contextual determinants of health which seem to contribute to poorer health and accumulating social disadvantages.

          In this essay, using as a starting point the syndemic theory that translates the cumulative and intertwined factors between different epidemics, we argue that the SARS-CoV-2 is a one health issue of a syndemic nature and that the failure to acknowledge this contributes to weakened policy-making processes and public health responses and ineffective health policies and programs.

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          Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health.

          Merrill Singer, Nicola Bulled, Bayla Ostrach … (2017)
          The syndemics model of health focuses on the biosocial complex, which consists of interacting, co-present, or sequential diseases and the social and environmental factors that promote and enhance the negative effects of disease interaction. This emergent approach to health conception and clinical practice reconfigures conventional historical understanding of diseases as distinct entities in nature, separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. Rather, all of these factors tend to interact synergistically in various and consequential ways, having a substantial impact on the health of individuals and whole populations. Specifically, a syndemics approach examines why certain diseases cluster (ie, multiple diseases affecting individuals and groups); the pathways through which they interact biologically in individuals and within populations, and thereby multiply their overall disease burden, and the ways in which social environments, especially conditions of social inequality and injustice, contribute to disease clustering and interaction as well as to vulnerability. In this Series, the contributions of the syndemics approach for understanding both interacting chronic diseases in social context, and the implications of a syndemics orientation to the issue of health rights, are examined.
          Article 0 comments Cited 358 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade.

            Bart N Green, Claire D. Johnson, Alan Adams (2006)
            To describe and discuss the process used to write a narrative review of the literature for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Publication of narrative overviews of the literature should be standardized to increase their objectivity. In the past decade numerous changes in research methodology pertaining to reviews of the literature have occurred. These changes necessitate authors of review articles to be familiar with current standards in the publication process. Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts. An overview of the use of three types of reviews of the literature is presented. Step by step instructions for how to conduct and write a narrative overview utilizing a 'best-evidence synthesis' approach are discussed, starting with appropriate preparatory work and ending with how to create proper illustrations. Several resources for creating reviews of the literature are presented and a narrative overview critical appraisal worksheet is included. A bibliography of other useful reading is presented in an appendix. Narrative overviews can be a valuable contribution to the literature if prepared properly. New and experienced authors wishing to write a narrative overview should find this article useful in constructing such a paper and carrying out the research process. It is hoped that this article will stimulate scholarly dialog amongst colleagues about this research design and other complex literature review methods.
            Article 0 comments Cited 323 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines

              Zander S. Venter, Kristin Aunan, Sourangsu Chowdhury … (2020)
              The lockdown response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented reduction in global economic and transport activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level air pollution concentrations, using satellite data and a network of >10,000 air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find declines in the population-weighted concentration of ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 : 60% with 95% CI 48 to 72%), and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 : 31%; 95% CI: 17 to 45%), with marginal increases in ozone (O 3 : 4%; 95% CI: −2 to 10%) in 34 countries during lockdown dates up until 15 May. Except for ozone, satellite measurements of the troposphere indicate much smaller reductions, highlighting the spatial variability of pollutant anomalies attributable to complex NO x chemistry and long-distance transport of fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ). By leveraging Google and Apple mobility data, we find empirical evidence for a link between global vehicle transportation declines and the reduction of ambient NO 2 exposure. While the state of global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings allude to the potential for mitigating public health risk by reducing “business as usual” air pollutant emissions from economic activities. Explore trends here: https://nina.earthengine.app/view/lockdown-pollution .
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): One Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): One Health
                Title: One Health
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-7714
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 February 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 February 2021
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100228
                Affiliations
                [a ]Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
                [b ]Community Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique
                [c ]Public Health Unit, Group of Primary Care Centers of Porto Oriental, North Health Regional Administration, Ministry of Health, Portugal
                [d ]Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
                [e ]University of Cabo Verde, Cabo Verde, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
                [f ] Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro and Centro de Pesquisa Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz e Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2352-7714(21)00018-5 Publisher ID: 100228
                DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100228
                PMC ID: 7887445
                PubMed ID: 33614885
                SO-VID: 76b73103-34a2-4c34-95fb-d7034a3b1844
                Copyright © © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 24 November 2020
                Date revision received : 10 February 2021
                Date accepted : 11 February 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,health in all policies,one health,sars-cov-2,syndemic,ncd, non communicable diseases,ntd, neglected tropical diseases.,sdg, sustainable development goals.
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, health in all policies, one health, sars-cov-2, syndemic, ncd, non communicable diseases, ntd, neglected tropical diseases., sdg, sustainable development goals.

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