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      Flash-Induced High-Throughput Porous Graphene via Synergistic Photo-Effects for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

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          Highlights

          • Flash-induced porous graphene (FPG) was synthesized via a broad-spectrum flash lamp that induced synergistic photo-effects between ultraviolet and visible-near-infrared wavelengths, resulting in large-area synthesis in just a few milliseconds.

          • A hollow pillar graphene with low sheet resistance of 18 Ω sq −1 was produced, exhibiting low density (0.0354 g cm −3) and outstanding absolute electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 1.12 × 10 5 dB cm 2 g −1.

          • A lightweight, flexible, and high-throughput FPG is applied for electromagnetic interference shielding of a drone radar system and the human body.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-023-01157-8.

          Abstract

          Porous 2D materials with high conductivity and large surface area have been proposed for potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials in future mobility and wearable applications to prevent signal noise, transmission inaccuracy, system malfunction, and health hazards. Here, we report on the synthesis of lightweight and flexible flash-induced porous graphene (FPG) with excellent EMI shielding performance. The broad spectrum of pulsed flashlight induces photo-chemical and photo-thermal reactions in polyimide films, forming 5 × 10 cm 2-size porous graphene with a hollow pillar structure in a few milliseconds. The resulting material demonstrated low density (0.0354 g cm −3) and outstanding absolute EMI shielding effectiveness of 1.12 × 10 5 dB cm 2 g −1. The FPG was characterized via thorough material analyses, and its mechanical durability and flexibility were confirmed by a bending cycle test. Finally, the FPG was utilized in drone and wearable applications, showing effective EMI shielding performance for internal/external EMI in a drone radar system and reducing the specific absorption rate in the human body.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-023-01157-8.

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          Most cited references107

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          Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects

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            Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)

            Materials with good flexibility and high conductivity that can provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with minimal thickness are highly desirable, especially if they can be easily processed into films. Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, combine metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the potential of several MXenes and their polymer composites for EMI shielding. A 45-micrometer-thick Ti3C2Tx film exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness of 92 decibels (>50 decibels for a 2.5-micrometer film), which is the highest among synthetic materials of comparable thickness produced to date. This performance originates from the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx films (4600 Siemens per centimeter) and multiple internal reflections from Ti3C2Tx flakes in free-standing films. The mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by MXenes and their composites enable them to shield surfaces of any shape while providing high EMI shielding efficiency.
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              Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers

              Synthesis and patterning of carbon nanomaterials cost effectively is a challenge in electronic and energy storage devices. Here report a one-step, scalable approach for producing and patterning porous graphene films with 3-dimensional networks from commercial polymer films using a CO2 infrared laser. The sp3-carbon atoms are photothermally converted to sp2-carbon atoms by pulsed laser irradiation. The resulting laser-induced graphene (LIG) exhibits high electrical conductivity. The LIG can be readily patterned to interdigitated electrodes for in-plane microsupercapacitors with specific capacitances of >4 mF·cm−2 and power densities of ~9 mW·cm−2. Theoretical calculations partially suggest that enhanced capacitance may result from LIG’s unusual ultra-polycrystalline lattice of pentagon-heptagon structures. Combined with the advantage of one-step processing of LIG in air from commercial polymer sheets, which would allow the employment of a roll-to-roll manufacturing process, this technique provides a rapid route to polymer-written electronic and energy storage devices.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                parkjh1151@kumoh.ac.kr
                keonlee@kaist.ac.kr
                Journal
                Nanomicro Lett
                Nanomicro Lett
                Nano-Micro Letters
                Springer Nature Singapore (Singapore )
                2311-6706
                2150-5551
                2 August 2023
                2 August 2023
                December 2023
                : 15
                : 191
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.37172.30, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 0500, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), ; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
                [2 ]GRID grid.37172.30, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 0500, School of Electrical Engineering, , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), ; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
                [3 ]GRID grid.410901.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2325 3578, Department of Printed Electronics, Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), ; 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103 Republic of Korea
                [4 ]GRID grid.412485.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9760 4919, Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, , Seoul National University of Science and Technology, ; 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
                [5 ]GRID grid.418997.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 9817, Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), , Kumoh National Institute of Technology, ; 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177 Republic of Korea
                Article
                1157
                10.1007/s40820-023-01157-8
                10397175
                37532956
                76ad78fe-cdf9-48b1-a60c-27d984450c88
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 7 April 2023
                : 17 June 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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                © Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2023

                porous graphene,flash lamp,photo-pyrolysis,high-throughput,electromagnetic interference shielding

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