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      DNA barcode-based survey of Trichoptera in the Crooked River reveals three new species records for British Columbia

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          Abstract

          Anthropogenic pressures on aquatic systems have placed a renewed focus on biodiversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates. By combining classical taxonomy and DNA barcoding we identified 39 species of caddisflies from the Crooked River, a unique and sensitive system in the southernmost arctic watershed in British Columbia. Our records include three species never before recorded in British Columbia: Lepidostoma togatum (Lepidostomatidae), Ceraclea annulicornis (Leptoceridae), and possibly Cheumatopsyche harwoodi (Hydropsychidae). Three other specimens may represent new occurrence records and a number of other records seem to be substantial observed geographic range expansions within British Columbia.

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          Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change

          Camille Parmesan (2006)
          Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming and have been linked to local or regional climate change through correlations between climate and biological variation, field and laboratory experiments, and physiological research. Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change. Tropical coral reefs and amphibians have been most negatively affected. Predator-prey and plant-insect interactions have been disrupted when interacting species have responded differently to warming. Evolutionary adaptations to warmer conditions have occurred in the interiors of species' ranges, and resource use and dispersal have evolved rapidly at expanding range margins. Observed genetic shifts modulate local effects of climate change, but there is little evidence that they will mitigate negative effects at the species level.
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            IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND HEALTH

            N. LeRoy Poff, Patrick J Mulholland, Judy L. Meyer … (1999)
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              Towards a comprehensive barcode library for arctic life - Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada

              Xin Zhou, Sarah Adamowicz, Luke Jacobus … (2009)
              Background This study reports progress in assembling a DNA barcode reference library for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera ("EPTs") from a Canadian subarctic site, which is the focus of a comprehensive biodiversity inventory using DNA barcoding. These three groups of aquatic insects exhibit a moderate level of species diversity, making them ideal for testing the feasibility of DNA barcoding for routine biotic surveys. We explore the correlation between the morphological species delineations, DNA barcode-based haplotype clusters delimited by a sequence threshold (2%), and a threshold-free approach to biodiversity quantification--phylogenetic diversity. Results A DNA barcode reference library is built for 112 EPT species for the focal region, consisting of 2277 COI sequences. Close correspondence was found between EPT morphospecies and haplotype clusters as designated using a standard threshold value. Similarly, the shapes of taxon accumulation curves based upon haplotype clusters were very similar to those generated using phylogenetic diversity accumulation curves, but were much more computationally efficient. Conclusion The results of this study will facilitate other lines of research on northern EPTs and also bode well for rapidly conducting initial biodiversity assessments in unknown EPT faunas.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Daniel J. Erasmus
                Dezene P.W. Huber
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PeerJ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PeerJ
                Journal ID (publisher-id): peerj
                Journal ID (pmc): peerj
                Title: PeerJ
                Publisher: PeerJ Inc. (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2167-8359
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 January 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: e4221
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Northern British Columbia , Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia , Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4221
                DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4221
                PMC ID: 5768167
                SO-VID: 7642857d-741d-41b0-aeb5-9d2a306a134e
                Copyright © ©2018 Erasmus et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                History
                Date received : 19 June 2017
                Date accepted : 12 December 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: University of Northern British Columbia
                Funded by: Canada Research Chairs Program
                Funded by: Royal British Columbia Museum
                Funded by: Canada Foundation for Innovation
                This research was funded by the University of Northern British Columbia, the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Royal British Columbia Museum, and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Biogeography
                Subject: Ecosystem Science
                Subject: Entomology
                Subject: Taxonomy
                Subject: Freshwater Biology

                Keywords: trichoptera,caddisflies,british columbia,lepidostoma togatum,ceracleaannulicornis,cheumatopsyche harwoodi,lepidostomatidae,leptoceridae,hydropsychidae
                Data availability:
                Keywords: trichoptera, caddisflies, british columbia, lepidostoma togatum, ceracleaannulicornis, cheumatopsyche harwoodi, lepidostomatidae, leptoceridae, hydropsychidae

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