Comprehensive analysis of ambient air quality during second lockdown in national capital territory of Delhi

Abstract

The lockdown imposed in Delhi, due to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant gains in air quality. Under the lockdown, restrictions were imposed on movement of people, operation of industrial establishments and hospitality sector amongst others. In the study, Air Quality Index and concentration trends of six pollutants, i.e. PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, NO ₂, SO ₂, CO, and O ₃ were analysed for National Capital Territory of Delhi, India for three periods in 2021 (pre-lockdown: 15 March to 16 April 2021, lockdown: 17 April to 31 May 2021 and post-lockdown: 01 June to 30 June). Data for corresponding periods in 2018–2020 was also analysed. Lockdown period saw 6 days in satisfactory AQI category as against 0 days in the same category during the pre-lockdown period. Average PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, NO ₂ and SO ₂ concentrations reduced by 22%, 31%, 25% and 28% respectively during lockdown phase as compared to pre-lockdown phase, while O ₃ was seen to increase. Variation in meteorological parameters and correlation of pollutants has also been examined. The significant improvement arising due to curtailment of certain activities in the lockdown period indicates the importance of local emission control, and helps improve the understanding of the dynamics of air pollution, thus highlighting policy areas to regulatory bodies for effective control of air pollution.

Graphical abstract