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      Design and Rationale of the HANSE Study: A Holistic German Lung Cancer Screening Trial Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography Translated title: Design und Rationale der HANSE-Studie: Eine ganzheitliche deutsche Lungenkrebs-Früherkennungs-Studie unter Verwendung von Niedrigdosis-Computertomografie

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          Abstract

          Background

          Despite the high prevalence and mortality of lung cancer and proven effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) to reduce mortality, Germany still lacks a national screening program. The German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) both published positive scientific evaluations recommending a quality-controlled national screening program. IQWiG underlined the importance of a clear risk definition, integrated smoking cessation programs, and quality assurance, highlighting the necessity of procedural optimization.

          Methods and Objectives

          In the HANSE study, former and current smokers aged 55–79 years are assessed for their lung cancer risk by the NELSON and PLCO M2012 risk scores. 5000 high-risk participants, defined as PLCO M2012 6-year risk ≥ 1.58 % or fulfilling NELSON risk inclusion criteria, will be screened by LDCT at baseline and after 12 months. Lung nodules are analyzed by a modified Lung-RADS 1.1 score of the HANSE study, and values of emphysema and coronary calcium are determined and randomly reported to the participants. 7100 low-risk participants serve as a control. All patients are followed-up for up to 10 years. The sensitivity and specificity of the two risk assessments and LDCT screening, effects of the randomized LDCT reporting, efficiency of lung nodule management, and several other factors are assessed to analyze the success and quality of the holistic screening program.

          Conclusion

          The HANSE study is designed as a holistic lung cancer screening study in northern Germany to answer pressing questions for a successful implementation of an effective German lung cancer screening program.

          Key Points:
          • HANSE is designed to address pressing questions for the implementation of lung cancer screening in Germany.

          • HANSE compares NELSON and PLCO M2012 risk assessments for optimal definition of the high-risk group. 

          • HANSE integrates cardiac calcium and pulmonary emphysema scoring in a holistic screening approach.

          Citation Format

          • Vogel-Claussen J, Lasch F, Bollmann B et al. Design and Rationale of the HANSE Study: A Holistic German Lung Cancer Screening Trial Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; 194: 1333 – 1345

          Zusammenfassung

          Hintergrund

          Trotz der hohen Prävalenz und Mortalität von Lungenkrebs und der nachgewiesenen Wirksamkeit von Niedrigdosis-Computertomografie (LDCT) zur Senkung der Mortalitätsrate existiert in Deutschland noch kein nationales Früherkennungsprogramm. Das Deutsche Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) wie auch das Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) haben positive wissenschaftliche Bewertungen mit Empfehlungen für ein qualitätskontrolliertes nationales Früherkennungsprogramm veröffentlicht. Das IQWiG betonte die Notwendigkeit klar definierter Risikokriterien, der Integration eines Rauchstoppprogramms sowie der Sicherstellung hoher Qualitätsstandards, was die Bedeutung von Prozessoptimierungen unterstreicht.

          Methoden & Ziele

          In der HANSE-Studie werden ehemalige und aktive Raucher im Alter von 55–79 Jahren bezüglich ihres Lungenkrebsrisikos anhand der NELSON und PLCO M2012 -Kriterien untersucht. 5000 Probanden mit hohem Risiko, definiert als PLCO M2012 6-Jahres-Risiko ≥ 1,58 % oder Erfüllen der NELSON-Kriterien, werden mittels LDCT zur Baseline sowie nach 12 Monaten untersucht. Lungenknötchen werden anhand eines modifizierten Lung-RADS 1.1 Scores der HANSE-Studie analysiert und zusätzlich Werte eines möglichen Lungenemphysems und koronaren Kalziums bestimmt und dem Befundbericht an die Probanden randomisiert beigefügt. 7100 Probanden mit niedrigem Risiko dienen als Kontrollgruppe. Alle Probanden werden für bis zu 10 Jahre nachverfolgt. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität der Risiko-Kriterien und der LDCT-Untersuchung, die Effekte der randomisierten LDCT-Befundbriefinhalte, die Effizienz des Knoten-Managements sowie weitere Parameter werden untersucht, um den Erfolg und die Qualität dieses holistischen Früherkennungsprogramms zu überprüfen.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Die HANSE-Studie ist als holistische Lungenkrebs-Screening-Studie in Norddeutschland konzipiert und dient der Beantwortung drängender Fragen für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung eines Lungenkrebsfrüherkennungsprogramms in Deutschland.

          Kernaussagen
          • Die HANSE-Studie ist als Vorreiter eines Früherkennungsprogramms für Lungenkrebs in Deutschland konzipiert.

          • HANSE vergleicht die NELSON-Risikobewertung und den PLCO M2012 -Score zur besseren Definition der Hochrisikogruppe.

          • HANSE integriert koronares Kalzium-Scoring und den Lungenemphysem-Score in ein ganzheitliches Screening-Programm.

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          Most cited references28

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          Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.

          (2011)
          The aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer. From August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009. The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P=0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P=0.02). Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).
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            Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial

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              2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rofo
                Rofo
                10.1055/s-00000066
                Rofo
                Georg Thieme Verlag KG (Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany )
                1438-9029
                1438-9010
                02 August 2022
                December 2022
                1 August 2022
                : 194
                : 12
                : 1333-1345
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
                [2 ]Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
                [4 ]Department of respiratory medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
                [5 ]Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
                [6 ]Working Group Health Economics, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
                [7 ]Oncology Medical Department, AstraZeneca GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
                [8 ]Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
                [9 ]Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
                [10 ]Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
                [11 ]Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
                [12 ]Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
                [13 ]Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf GmbH, Grosshansdorf, Germany
                Author notes
                Correspondence Prof. Jens Vogel-Claussen Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Carl-Neuberg Str. 130625 HannoverGermany+49/511/532 34 21 vogel-claussen.jens@ 123456mh-hannover.de
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5595-6948
                Article
                10.1055/a-1853-8291
                9708322
                35917826
                745be0b9-252f-4711-8a8d-07cf05e4a691
                The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 04 February 2022
                : 29 April 2022
                Funding
                The HANSE study is funded by AstraZeneca GmbH (Wedel, Germany) and the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).
                Categories
                Chest

                screening,lung cancer,low-dose ct
                screening, lung cancer, low-dose ct

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