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      Social support and health: A meta-analysis

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      Journal: Psychology & Health
      Publisher: Informa UK Limited

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          Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models

          Manuel Barrera (1986)
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            Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression.

            Andrew G. Billings, Rudolf Moos (1984)
            We used a stress and coping paradigm to guide the development of indices of coping responses and to explore the roles of stress, social resources, and coping among 424 men and women entering treatment for depression. We also used an expanded concept of multiple domains of life stress to develop several indices of ongoing life strains. Although most prior studies have focused on acute life events, we found that chronic strains were somewhat more strongly and consistently related to the severity of dysfunction. The coping indices generally showed acceptable conceptual and psychometric characteristics and only moderate relationships to respondents' sociodemographic characteristics or to the severity of the stressful event for which coping was sampled. Coping responses directed toward problem solving and affective regulation were associated with less severe dysfunction, whereas emotional-discharge responses, more frequently used by women, were linked to greater dysfunction. Stressors, social resources, and coping were additively predictive of patient's functioning, but coping and social resources did not have stress-attenuation or buffering effects.
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              The health-related functions of social support

              Catherine Schaefer, James C Coyne, Richard S. Lazarus (1981)
              Social support research has been hampered by a lack of clarity both in the definitions of social support and in the conceptualization of its effects on health outcomes. The present study compared social network size and three types of perceived social support--tangible, emotional, and informational--in relation to stressful life events, psychological symptoms and morale, and physical health status in a sample of 100 persons 45-64 years old. Social network size was empirically separable from, though correlated with, perceived social support and had a weaker overall relationship to outcomes than did support. Low tangible support and emotional support, in addition to certain life events, were independently related to depression and negative morale; informational support was associated with positive morale. Neither social support nor stressful life events were associated with physical health. It was concluded that social support research would benefit from attention to the multidimensionality of support and greater specificity in hypotheses about the relationship between types of support and adaptational outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Psychology & Health
                Abbreviated Title: Psychology & Health
                Publisher: Informa UK Limited
                ISSN (Print): 0887-0446
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-8321
                Publication date Created: January 1989
                Publication date (Print): January 1989
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1-15
                Article
                DOI: 10.1080/08870448908400361
                SO-VID: 74569150-17f4-4317-9cf5-f2f42baadcaa
                Copyright © © 1989
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