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      Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Human Influenza Virus Strain A/Almaty/6327/2014 (H1N1) from Central Asia

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          Abstract

          An influenza virus strain, A/Almaty/6327/2014 (H1N1), was isolated in Almaty (in southeastern Kazakhstan) during a human population surveillance study in 2014. Here, we present the nearly complete genome sequence of this epidemic strain that was compared to the postpandemic variants of A(H1N1)pdm09.

          ABSTRACT

          An influenza virus strain, A/Almaty/6327/2014 (H1N1), was isolated in Almaty (in southeastern Kazakhstan) during a human population surveillance study in 2014. Here, we present the nearly complete genome sequence of this epidemic strain that was compared to the postpandemic variants of A(H1N1)pdm09.

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          Integrated Sentinel Surveillance Linking Genetic, Antigenic, and Epidemiologic Monitoring of Influenza Vaccine-Virus Relatedness and Effectiveness During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season.

          Canada's Sentinel Physician Surveillance Network links genetic, antigenic, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) measures in an integrated platform of influenza monitoring, described here for the 2013-2014 influenza season of resurgent A(H1N1)pdm09 and late-season type B activity.
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            Evolution of the hemagglutinin expressed by human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating between 2008–2009 and 2013–2014 in Germany

            This report describes the evolution of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Germany between 2008-2009 and 2013-2014. The phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of both subtypes revealed similar evolution of the HA variants that were also seen worldwide with minor exceptions. The analysis showed seven distinct HA clades for A(H1N1)pdm09 and six HA clades for A(H3N2) viruses. Herald strains of both subtypes appeared sporadically since 2008-2009. Regarding A(H1N1)pdm09, herald strains of HA clade 3 and 4 were detected late in the 2009-2010 season. With respect to A(H3N2), we found herald strains of HA clade 3, 4 and 7 between 2009 and 2012. Those herald strains were predominantly seen for minor and not for major HA clades. Generally, amino acid substitutions were most frequently found in the globular domain, including substitutions near the antigenic sites or the receptor binding site. Differences between both influenza A subtypes were seen with respect to the position of the indicated substitutions in the HA. For A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, we found more substitutions in the stem region than in the antigenic sites. In contrast, in A(H3N2) viruses most changes were identified in the major antigenic sites and five changes of potential glycosylation sites were identified in the head of the HA monomer. Interestingly, we found in seasons with less influenza activity a relatively high increase of substitutions in the head of the HA in both subtypes. This might be explained by the fact that mutations under negative selection are subsequently compensated by secondary mutations to restore important functions e.g. receptor binding properties. A better knowledge of basic evolution strategies of influenza viruses will contribute to the refinement of predictive mathematical models for identifying novel antigenic drift variants.
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              Whole-Genome Sequences of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Isolates from Kerala, India

              ABSTRACT We report here the whole-genome sequence of six clinical isolates of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, isolated from Kerala, India. Amino acid analysis of all gene segments from the A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates obtained in 2014 and 2015 identified several new mutations compared to the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic strain.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                Microbiol Resour Announc
                Microbiol Resour Announc
                ga
                mra
                MRA
                Microbiology Resource Announcements
                American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                2576-098X
                21 November 2019
                November 2019
                : 8
                : 47
                : e00527-19
                Affiliations
                [a ]Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
                [b ]Children’s Municipal Hospital No. 2, Almaty, Kazakhstan
                KU Leuven
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Kobey Karamendin, kobey.karamendin@ 123456gmail.com .

                Citation Karamendin K, Kydyrmanov A, Asanova S, Khan E, Daulbayeva K, Kasymbekov Y, Zhumatov K, Asanova N, Sayatov M. 2019. Nearly complete genome sequence of human influenza virus strain A/Almaty/6327/2014 (H1N1) from Central Asia. Microbiol Resour Announc 8:e00527-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00527-19.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-3330
                Article
                MRA00527-19
                10.1128/MRA.00527-19
                6872876
                31753934
                73dd4c4b-6a00-4a88-af1e-ff886ffe5fd0
                Copyright © 2019 Karamendin et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

                History
                : 14 May 2019
                : 22 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 3, Words: 1403
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Kazakhstan), https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004561;
                Award ID: BR05236330
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Genome Sequences
                Custom metadata
                November 2019

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