The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a workshop in January 2006, entitled "Prioritizing a Research Agenda for Orofacial Clefts." The goals of the meeting were to review existing research on orofacial clefts (OFCs), identify gaps in knowledge that need additional public health research, and develop a prioritized research agenda that can help guide future public health research. Experts in the field of epidemiology, public health, genetics, psychology, speech pathology, dentistry, and health economics participated to create the research agenda. Research gaps identified by the participants for additional public health research included: the roles of maternal nutrition, obesity, and diabetes in the etiology of OFCs; psychosocial outcomes for children with OFCs; the quality of life for families and children with OFCs; and the health care costs of OFCs. To create the research agenda, the participants prioritized the research gaps by public health importance, feasibility, and outcomes of interest. This report summarizes the workshop.