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      Electrobioremediation as a hybrid technology to treat soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons Translated title: La electrobiorremediación como una tecnología híbrida en el tratamiento de suelo contaminado con hidrocarburos totales de petróleo

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          Abstract

          Contaminated soil with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) was subjected to treatment in an experimental prototype with effluent recirculation. A 2k experimental design was used, with two factors (electric field and microorganisms' growth) and two levels (presence and absence of the factors), resulting in 4 treatments (triplicate) designated as: leaching, bioremediation, electroremediation, and electrobioremediation. Total petroleum hydrocarbons attached to the soil surface showed a higher migration to the aqueous phase due to the application of low intensity current. Growth of native microorganisms present in the soil was stimulated with the addition of micro and macronutrients; TPH were degraded used as carbon source and electron donor, using oxygen (aeration) as electron acceptor. There were statistical significant differences between treatments supporting EBR as the best alternative. Results showed 24.5 ± 3.1% of TPH removal from the soil into the aqueous phase for lixiviation and 32.1 ± 1.4% for bioremediation, both at 360 hours. For electroremediation a 54.8 ± 2.2% removal (360 h) and 68% (700 h) and 68.6 ± 3.8% (360 h) and 89% (700 h) for electrobioremediation. Remediated soil in electrobioremediation reached 2,596 mg TPH/kg soil, such concentration is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL) set by Mexican regulation.

          Translated abstract

          Suelo contaminado con Hidrocarburos Totales de Petróleo (HTP) fue sometido a tratamiento en una celda experimental con recirculación. Se utilizó un diseño experimental 2k, (factores: campo eléctrico y crecimiento de microorganismos) y (niveles: presencia y ausencia de los factores), resultando en 4 tratamientos (triplicado) denominados como: lixiviación, biorremediación, electrorremediación y electrobiorremediación. Los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo adheridos al suelo mostraron una mayor migración a la fase acuosa por la aplicación de corriente de baja intensidad. El crecimiento de microorganismos nativos del suelo se estimuló con la adición de micro y macronutrientes; los HTP fueron degradados como fuente de carbono y donador de electrones empleando oxígeno (aireación) como aceptor de electrones. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos siendo la EBR la mejor alternativa de tratamiento. La remoción de HTP del suelo a la fase acuosa fue de 24.5 ± 3.1% (lixiviación) y 32.1 ± 1.4% (biorremediación), ambos a 360 horas. Para electrorremediación de 54.8 ± 2.2% (360 h) y 68% (700 h) y 68.6 ± 3.8% (360 h) y 89% (700 h) en electrobiorremediación. El suelo remediado con electrobiorremediación alcanzó 2,596 mg HTP/kg de suelo, concentración inferior al límite máximo permisible (LMP) establecida por la regulación Mexicana.

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          Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: a critical perspective.

          Due to human activities to a greater extent and natural processes to some extent, a large number of organic chemical substances such as petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated and nitroaromatic compounds, phthalate esters, solvents and pesticides pollute the soil and aquatic environments. Remediation of these polluted sites following the conventional engineering approaches based on physicochemical methods is both technically and economically challenging. Bioremediation that involves the capabilities of microorganisms in the removal of pollutants is the most promising, relatively efficient and cost-effective technology. However, the current bioremediation approaches suffer from a number of limitations which include the poor capabilities of microbial communities in the field, lesser bioavailability of contaminants on spatial and temporal scales, and absence of bench-mark values for efficacy testing of bioremediation for their widespread application in the field. The restoration of all natural functions of some polluted soils remains impractical and, hence, the application of the principle of function-directed remediation may be sufficient to minimize the risks of persistence and spreading of pollutants. This review selectively examines and provides a critical view on the knowledge gaps and limitations in field application strategies, approaches such as composting, electrobioremediation and microbe-assisted phytoremediation, and the use of probes and assays for monitoring and testing the efficacy of bioremediation of polluted sites. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil with composting

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              A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils.

              Electrochemical remediation is a promising remediation technology for soils contaminated with inorganic, organic, and mixed contaminants. A direct-current electric field is imposed on the contaminated soil to extract the contaminants by the combined mechanisms of electroosmosis, electromigration, and/or electrophoresis. The technology is particularly effective in fine-grained soils of low hydraulic conductivity and large specific surface area. However, the effectiveness of the technology may be diminished by sorption of contaminants on soil particle surfaces and various effects induced by the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions generated at the electrodes. Various enhancement techniques have been developed to tackle these diminishing effects. A comprehensive review of these techniques is given in this paper with a view to providing useful information to researchers and practitioners in this field. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmiq
                Revista mexicana de ingeniería química
                Rev. Mex. Ing. Quím
                UAM, Unidad Iztapalapa, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (México, DF, Mexico )
                1665-2738
                2014
                : 13
                : 1
                : 113-127
                Affiliations
                [01] Durango Dgo. orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Durango México adriana.martinez@ 123456orst.edu
                [02] Durango Dgo. orgnameInstituto Politécnico Nacional orgdiv1Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional orgdiv2Unidad Durango México
                Article
                S1665-27382014000100010 S1665-2738(14)01300100010
                72b222c1-9ef7-4a3b-ad06-789e404b05ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 December 2013
                : 03 March 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Research papers

                HTP,nutrients,electrobioremediation,electrobiorremediación,leaching,nutrientes,lixiviación,suelos contaminados,TPH,contaminated soils

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