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      Pflege-Report 2021 : Sicherstellung der Pflege: Bedarfslagen und Angebotsstrukturen 

      Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf: generelle und aktuelle Herausforderungen Betroffener

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      Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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          Zusammenfassung

          Das Thema Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege ist in Deutschland gesellschaftlich relevant und nimmt zukünftig weiter an Bedeutung zu. Schon heute sind zwei von drei pflegenden Angehörigen unter 65 Jahren erwerbstätig. Arbeitnehmende, die privat Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen, stehen oft vor erheblichen Herausforderungen und drohen überdies dem Arbeitsmarkt teilweise oder vollständig entzogen zu werden. Gleichzeitig sind pflegende Angehörige die Basis der pflegerischen Versorgung im Sinne des SGB XI in Deutschland.

          Vereinbarkeitskonflikte werden in der Forschung als bedeutsame Stressoren für erwerbstätige pflegende Angehörige gesehen, positive Arbeitssituationen dagegen als mindestens etwas entlastend eingeschätzt. Erschwerend für die Vereinbarkeitsbemühungen wirkt sich u. a. aus, wenn die Pflegekonstellation mit einer Demenzerkrankung verbunden ist. Die Unterstützungsbemühungen von Unternehmen und Politik für erwerbstätige pflegende Angehörige haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren intensiviert, erscheinen aber nach wie vor verbesserungsbedürftig.

          In der aktuellen Coronavirus-Pandemie hat sich die Situation für viele pflegende Angehörige insgesamt verschärft. So zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden ZQP-Befragung, dass erwerbstätige Angehörige signifikant häufiger von einer Verschlechterung der Pflegesituation in der ersten Infektionswelle im Vergleich mit nicht-erwerbstätigen berichten. Ein Großteil der Befragten gibt an, dass die Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf nun noch schwieriger geworden sei.

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          Most cited references23

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          Providing informal care in a changing society

          The ageing of society is leading to significant reforms in long-term care policy and systems in many European countries. The cutbacks in professional care are increasing demand for informal care considerably, from both kin and non-kin. At the same time, demographic and societal developments such as changing family structures and later retirement may limit the supply of informal care. This raises the question as to whether the volume of informal care (in people) will increase in the years ahead. This paper aims to provide a theoretical answer to this question in two steps. First, based on different care models and empirical literature, we develop a behavioural model on individual caregiving, the Informal Care Model. The model states that, in response to the care recipient’s need for care, the intention to provide care is based on general attitudes, quality of the relationship, normative beliefs, and perceived barriers. Whether one actually provides care also depends on the care potential of the social context, being the family, the social network, and the community. Second, we discuss how current policy and societal developments may negatively or positively impact on these mechanisms underlying the provision of informal care. Given the increased need for care among home-dwelling individuals, the model suggests that more people will take up the caregiver role in the years ahead contributing to larger and more diverse care networks. It is concluded that long-term informal care provision is a complex phenomenon including multiple actors in various contexts. More research is needed to test the Informal Care Model empirically, preferably using information on care recipients, informal caregivers and community care in a dynamic design and in different countries. Such information will increase insight in the developments in informal care provision in retrenching welfare states.
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            Psychosocial consequences of transitioning into informal caregiving in male and female caregivers: Findings from a population-based panel study

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              Are informal caregivers less happy than noncaregivers? Happiness and the intensity of caregiving in combination with paid and voluntary work.

              Informal caregivers are one of the pillars of home health care. In the Netherlands, the free help they provide to sick or disabled family members, acquaintances or friends exceeds the number of hours of home care provided by professionals. While the government welcomes their contribution, there is concern about the potential burden their work imposes on them. On the one hand, there is concern that informal caregiving could be experienced as a burden and diminish subjective well-being; on the other, helping others as a meaningful activity might increase their subjective well-being. Happiness ratings (as an indicator of subjective well-being) of persons whose involvement in informal caregiving, voluntary work and paid work ranged from none to full time were analysed using multivariate regression models, which also took into account levels of physical disability and socio-economic characteristics (age, sex, household composition, education level). The sample consisted of 336 informal caregivers and 1765 noncaregivers in the Dutch population. In line with the subjective well-being assumption, the results suggest that caregivers are happier than noncaregivers when they provide care for <6 hours a week; and in line with the burden assumption, the results show that providing care for more than 11 hours a week is associated with lower levels of happiness. Other results contradicted the burden assumption that combining caregiving with paid or voluntary work is associated with more time burden and less happiness. The result that combining caregiving with paid employment or volunteering is related to higher rates of happiness confirms the subjective well-being assumption. It is concluded that these cross-sectional results open ways to longitudinal research that can inform governments in the development of policies to support informal caregivers. © 2012 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences © 2012 Nordic College of Caring Science.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                2021
                June 29 2021
                : 59-69
                10.1007/978-3-662-63107-2_4
                6ef2879d-7fe8-4d61-a195-8a08a658debf
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