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      Biofumigación con Brassica juncea L. Czerniak y Sinapis alba L. Acción sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Trichoderma spp. y Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Döbereiner Translated title: Biofumigation with Brassica juncea L. Czerniak and Sinapis alba L. In vitro action on the growth of Trichoderma spp. and Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Döbereiner

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de la biofumigación con Brassica juncea L. Czerniak y Sinapis alba L. sobre el crecimiento de Trichoderma spp. y Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Döbereiner. Se trituraron plantas de B. juncea y S. alba y se colocaron, por separado, en recipientes de plástico en dosis de 5, 15, 25, 35 y 55 g. Sobre el material triturado se apoyaron cajas Petri que contenían medio de cultivo inoculado con Trichoderma spp. o A. brasilense. Los recipientes de plástico se taparon e incubaron en oscuridad durante siete días, a 25±2ºC (Trichoderma spp.) y a 31±2ºC (A. brasilense). Finalizado ese periodo, se midió el diámetro de las colonias de Trichoderma spp. y se recontó el número de unidades formadoras de colonias de A. brasilense. Los resultados que se obtuvieron, in vitro, son los siguientes: i) no se observó efecto fungistático de B. juncea y de S. alba sobre Trichoderma spp. en ninguna de las dosis; ii) B. juncea inhibió el crecimiento de las colonias de A. brasilense con dosis de 15 g o superiores, con un aumento de la inhibición a medida que se incrementó la dosis del biofumigante; iii) S. alba no inhibió el crecimiento de las colonias de A. brasilense en ninguna de las dosis. Estos resultados sugieren que la técnica de biocontrol con el hongo antagonista Trichoderma spp. sería compatible con la biofumigación con B. juncea y S. alba. Además, A. brasilense solo sería compatible con la biofumigación con S. alba y con dosis bajas de B. juncea.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the biofumigation with Brassica juncea L. Czerniak and Sinapis alba L. on the growth of Trichoderma spp. and Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Döbereiner. Five doses (5, 15, 25, 35 and 55 g) of triturated plant material from B. juncea and S. alba were placed separately in plastic containers. Petri dishes with culture medium inoculated with Trichoderma spp. or A. brasilense, were placed on top of the plant material. The plastic containers were then covered and incubated in darkness for 7 days at 25±2ºC (Trichoderma spp.) and 31±2ºC (A. brasilense). After that, the diameter of the colonies of Trichoderma spp. was measured, and the number of colony forming units of A. brasilense was counted. The results indicated that: i) fungistatic effect of B. juncea and S. alba was not observed on Trichoderma spp. at any doses; ii) B. juncea inhibited colony growth of A. brasilense at doses of 15 g or higher, with an increasing inhibition as the biofumigant dose increased; iii) S. alba did not inhibit colony growth of A. brasilense at any doses. These in vitro results suggest that the technique of biocontrol with the antagonist fungus Trichoderma spp. can be compatible with biofumigation with B. juncea and S. alba. Also, A. brasilense can only be compatible with biofumigation with S. alba and with low doses of B. juncea.

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          Most cited references24

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          Azospirillum brasilense siderophores with antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum.

          Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum is one of the most important diseases in strawberry crop. Due to environmental pollution and resistance produced by chemical fungicides, nowadays biological control is considered a good alternative for crop protection. Among biocontrol agents, there are plant growth-promoting bacteria, such as members of the genus Azospirillum. In this work, we demonstrate that under iron limiting conditions different strains of A. brasilense produce siderophores, exhibiting different yields and rates of production according to their origin. Chemical assays revealed that strains REC2 and REC3 secrete catechol type siderophores, including salicylic acid, detected by thin layer chromatography coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Siderophores produced by them showed in vitro antifungal activity against C. acutatum M11. Furthermore, this latter coincided with results obtained from phytopathological tests performed in planta, where a reduction of anthracnose symptoms on strawberry plants previously inoculated with A. brasilense was observed. These outcomes suggest that some strains of A. brasilense could act as biocontrol agent preventing anthracnose disease in strawberry.
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            The impact of biofumigation and chemical fumigation methods on the structure and function of the soil microbial community.

            Biofumigation (BIOF) is carried out mainly by the incorporation of brassica plant parts into the soil, and this fumigation activity has been linked to their high glucosinolate (GSL) content. GSLs are hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase to release isothiocyanates (ITCs). A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effects induced on the soil microbial community by the incorporation of broccoli residues into soil either with (BM) or without (B) added myrosinase and of chemical fumigation, either as soil application of 2-phenylethyl ITC (PITC) or metham sodium (MS). Soil microbial activity was evaluated by measuring fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and soil respiration. Effects on the structure of the total microbial community were assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, while the impact on important fungal (ascomycetes (ASC)) and bacterial (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)) guilds was evaluated by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, B, and to a lesser extent BM, stimulated microbial activity and biomass. The diminished effect of BM compared to B was particularly evident in fungi and Gram-negative bacteria and was attributed to rapid ITC release following the myrosinase treatment. PITC did not have a significant effect, whereas an inhibitory effect was observed in the MS-treated soil. DGGE analysis showed that the ASC community was temporarily altered by BIOF treatments and more persistently by the MS treatment, while the structure of the AOB community was not affected by the treatments. Cloning of the ASC community showed that MS application had a deleterious effect on potential plant pathogens like Fusarium, Nectria, and Cladosporium compared to BIOF treatments which did not appear to inhibit them. Our findings indicate that BIOF induces changes on the structure and function of the soil microbial community that are mostly related to microbial substrate availability changes derived from the soil amendment with fresh organic materials.
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              Improved Medium for Isolation of Azospirillum spp.

              Colonies of Azospirillum spp. could be readily distinguished from colonies of other diazotrophs by scarlet coloration in culture media in which Congo red was included.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpv
                Revista de Protección Vegetal
                Rev. Protección Veg.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1010-2752
                2224-4697
                April 2016
                : 31
                : 1
                : 57-62
                Affiliations
                [02] Buenos Aires orgnameFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNLZ Argentina
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameInstituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales Argentina
                [03] orgnameCONICET
                Article
                S1010-27522016000100008 S1010-2752(16)03100100008
                6d66ceeb-a83c-4f4f-839e-8d298f12816a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 October 2015
                : 07 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                TRABAJOS ORIGINALES

                brassicáceas,biocontrol,rizobacteria (PGPR),hongo antagonista,Brassicaceae,rhizobacteria (PGPR),antagonistic fungi

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