The Properties of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Triggered by Neutron Star Mergers

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Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars

David Eichler, Mario Livio, Tsvi Piran … (1989)

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Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star

Jason Hessels, Mallory S. E. Roberts, Scott Ransom … (2011)

Neutron stars are composed of the densest form of matter known to exist in our universe, and thus provide a unique laboratory for exploring the properties of cold matter at super-nuclear density. Measurements of the masses or radii of these objects can strongly constrain the neutron-star matter equation of state, and consequently the interior composition of neutron stars. Neutron stars that are visible as millisecond radio pulsars are especially useful in this respect, as timing observations of the radio pulses provide an extremely precise probe of both the pulsar's motion and the surrounding space-time metric. In particular, for a pulsar in a binary system, detection of the general relativistic Shapiro delay allows us to infer the masses of both the neutron star and its binary companion to high precision. Here we present radio timing observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1614-2230, which show a strong Shapiro delay signature. The implied pulsar mass of 1.97 +/- 0.04 M_sun is by far the highest yet measured with such certainty, and effectively rules out the presence of hyperons, bosons, or free quarks at densities comparable to the nuclear saturation density.

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A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary

Timothy Pennucci, John Antoniadis, Paulo Freire … (2013)

Many physically motivated extensions to general relativity (GR) predict significant deviations in the properties of spacetime surrounding massive neutron stars. We report the measurement of a 2.01 +/- 0.04 solar mass pulsar in a 2.46-hr orbit with a 0.172 +/- 0.003 solar mass white dwarf. The high pulsar mass and the compact orbit make this system a sensitive laboratory of a previously untested strong-field gravity regime. Thus far, the observed orbital decay agrees with GR, supporting its validity even for the extreme conditions present in the system. The resulting constraints on deviations support the use of GR-based templates for ground-based gravitational wave detectors. Additionally, the system strengthens recent constraints on the properties of dense matter and provides insight to binary stellar astrophysics and pulsar recycling.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: The Astrophysical Journal

Abbreviated Title: ApJ

Publisher: American Astronomical Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2041-8213

Publication date Created: February 01 2017

Publication date (Print): February 02 2017

Volume: 835

Issue: 2

Page: L34

Article

DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa5b9e

SO-VID: 6c771184-9538-40f8-971c-94eb92305904

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