COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature

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Abstract

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly affected the dental care sector. Dental professionals are at high risk of being infected, and therefore transmitting SARS-CoV-2, due to the nature of their profession, with close proximity to the patient’s oropharyngeal and nasal regions and the use of aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this article is to provide an update on different issues regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that may be relevant for dentists. Members of the French National College of Oral Biology Lecturers (“Collège National des EnseignantS en Biologie Orale”; CNESBO-COVID19 Task Force) answered seventy-two questions related to various topics, including epidemiology, virology, immunology, diagnosis and testing, SARS-CoV-2 transmission and oral cavity, COVID-19 clinical presentation, current treatment options, vaccine strategies, as well as infection prevention and control in dental practice. The questions were selected based on their relevance for dental practitioners. Authors independently extracted and gathered scientific data related to COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and the specific topics using scientific databases. With this review, the dental practitioners will have a general overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their practice.

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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li … (2020)

Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.

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A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu, Dingyu Zhang, Wenling Wang … (2020)

Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)

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Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)

In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hans-Peter Howaldt: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): jcm

Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2077-0383

Publication date (Electronic): 16 February 2021

Publication date Collection: February 2021

Volume: 10

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: 779

Affiliations

[1 ]UFR Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France; stephane.derruau@ 123456univ-reims.fr (S.D.); sandrine.lorimier@ 123456univ-reims.fr (S.L.)

[2 ]Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France

[3 ]BioSpecT EA-7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, France

[4 ]UFR Odontologie-Montrouge, Université de Paris, 92120 Montrouge, France; jerome.bouchet1@ 123456u-paris.fr (J.B.); bernard.pellat@ 123456u-paris.fr (B.P.); helene.chardin@ 123456u-paris.fr (H.C.)

[5 ]Laboratory “Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies” URP 2496, University of Paris, 92120 Montrouge, France

[6 ]UFR Odontologie-Garancière, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; alinassifodf@ 123456gmail.com

[7 ]AP-HP, Sites hospitaliers Pitié Salpêtrière et Rothschild, Service d’Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O-Rares), 75013-75019 Paris, France

[8 ]INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France

[9 ]Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; alexandre.baudet@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (A.B.); kazutoyo.yasukawa@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (K.Y.)

[10 ]Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France

[11 ]Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MATIM EA, UFR Sciences, 51687 Reims, France

[12 ]Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; isabelle.precheur@ 123456univ-cotedazur.fr

[13 ]Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France

[14 ]Laboratoire Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé (MICORALIS EA 7354), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06300 Nice, France

[15 ]Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; agnes.bloch-zupan@ 123456unistra.fr

[16 ]Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O-Rares), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France

[17 ]Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France

[18 ]AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France

[19 ]ESPCI, UMR CBI 8231, 75005 Paris, France

[20 ]INSERM UMR_S 1109 «Molecular Immuno-Rheumatology», Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération hospitalo-universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: s.jung@ 123456unistra.fr ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-68-85-38-79

[†]

Equal contribution.

[‡]

on behalf of TASK FORCE COVID-19.

Author information

Stéphane Derruau https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-1311

Jérôme Bouchet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-4380

Ali Nassif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8347-533X

Alexandre Baudet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-0530

Kazutoyo Yasukawa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-7378

Isabelle Prêcheur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-0127

Agnès Bloch-Zupan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-2615

Sophie Jung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-1077

Article

Publisher ID: jcm-10-00779

DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040779

PMC ID: 7919689

PubMed ID: 33669185

SO-VID: 6c0f6eea-445d-4e89-a971-6cb1b41ea55a

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 375

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

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