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      Le musée d’histoire en France entre traditions nationales et soucis identitaires

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          Abstract

          Les musées d’histoire ont connu durant les dernières décennies en France des mutations rapides, marquées par une série de constructions ou de rénovations. L’histoire de tels chantiers, intervenus plus tardivement par rapport aux autres types de musées, permet de s’interroger sur les rapports nouveaux tissés à ces occasions entre musées d’histoire et historiographie savante. On constate que le musée d’histoire, aujourd’hui, est davantage un musée du présent qu’un musée érudit au sens traditionnel du terme. Refusant la nostalgie, le musée idéal doit élaborer une nouvelle représentation du patrimoine conçue comme une dynamique inédite du « patrimoine » dans la société. L’enjeu est de refuser une marchandisation spectaculaire de l’histoire qui exclut l’approche critique et savante, tout en combattant l’éventuelle disparition de la spécificité muséographique derrière le seul savoir historien, aux dépens des revendications de la mémoire sociale. Dans ces conditions, le rapport du patrimoine et de l’écriture de l’histoire devient un enjeu central pour les musées d’histoire.

          Translated abstract

          The museums of history have known some spectacular changes in contemporary France for two decades. New buildings have been constructed, and a lot of old ones have been renovated. The study of some specific cases, for example the museums devoted to the history of World War II, or to the history of migrations, demonstrates how museology is nowadays far from the pure illustration of erudite knowledge. The ideal museum of french history is today a museum very concerned by the present state of affairs, the political agenda or the social agency. Its aims are linked to the consciousness of « heritage » in the contemporary society. One difficulty is not to becoming a commercial product, a kind of entertainment, or of « edutainment » for kids. The challenge is to play the role of a place of memory, or even to figure a tool for collective thinking about the new stakes of national identity.

          Translated abstract

          Os museus de história na França conheceram, durante as últimas décadas, rápidas mudanças marcadas por uma série de construções ou reformas. A história desses canteiros de obra, que se deu mais tarde em comparação às intervenções em outros tipos de museu, permite-nos questionar as novas relações tecidas, nessas ocasiões, entre os museus de história e a historiografia erudita. Constata-se que o museu de história é hoje mais um museu do presente do que um museu erudito, no sentido tradicional do termo. Sem se prender à nostalgia, o museu ideal deve elaborar uma nova representação do ?patrimônio?, concebendo-o como uma dinâmica inédita dentro da sociedade. O desafio consiste em recusar uma ?mercantilização? espetacular da história que exclua a abordagem crítica e erudita, combatendo, ao mesmo tempo, o possível desaparecimento da especificidade museográfica por trás do raro saber histórico à custa das reivindicações da memória social. Nessas condições, a relação entre o patrimônio e a historiografia torna-se o principal desafio para os museus de história.

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              Histoire et mémoire

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                anaismp
                Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material
                An. mus. paul.
                Museu Paulista, Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1982-0267
                December 2007
                : 15
                : 2
                : 293-316
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Université Paris I
                Article
                S0101-47142007000200021
                10.1590/S0101-47142007000200021
                6a6ed160-0eaf-49af-b27b-52c78e202109

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-4714&lng=en
                Categories
                HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Musée,Patrimoine,Historiographie,Philosophie de l’histoire,Nationalisme,Museum,Heritage,Historiography,Philosophy of History,Nationalism,Museu,Patrimônio,Historiografia,Filosofia da História,Nacionalismo

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