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      Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome

      , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,   , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), IWGSC RefSeq principal investigators:, IWGSC whole-genome assembly principal investigators:, Whole-genome sequencing and assembly:, Hi-C data-based scaffolding:, Whole-genome assembly quality control and analyses:, Pseudomolecule assembly:, RefSeq genome structure and gene analyses:, Automated annotation:, Manual gene curation:, Subgenome comparative analyses:, Transposable elements:, Phylogenomic analyses:, Transcriptome analyses and RNA-seq data:, Whole-genome methylome:, Histone mark analyses:, BAC chromosome MTP IWGSC–Bayer Whole-Genome Profiling (WGP) tags:, Chromosome LTC mapping and physical mapping quality control:, RH mapping:, Optical mapping:, Recombination analyses:, Gene family analyses:, CBF gene family:, Dehydrin gene family:, NLR gene family:, PPR gene family:, Prolamin gene family:, WAK gene family:, Stem solidness (SSt1) QTL team:, Flowering locus C (FLC) gene team:, Genome size analysis:, MicroRNA and tRNA annotation:, Genetic maps and mapping:, BAC libraries and chromosome sorting:, BAC pooling, BAC library repository, and access:, IWGSC sequence and data repository and access:, Physical maps and BAC-based sequences:, 1A BAC sequencing and assembly:, 1B BAC sequencing and assembly:, 1D, 4D, and 6D physical mapping:, 2AL physical mapping:, 2AS physical mapping:, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5BL, and 5DL IWGSC–Bayer Whole-Genome Profiling (WGP) physical maps:, 3AL physical mapping:, 3DS physical mapping and BAC sequencing and assembly:, 3DL BAC sequencing and assembly:, 4A physical mapping, BAC sequencing, assembly, and annotation:, 5BS BAC sequencing and assembly:, 6B BAC sequencing and assembly:, 7A physical mapping and BAC sequencing:, 7B physical mapping, BAC sequencing, and assembly:, 7DS BAC sequencing and assembly:, 7DL physical mapping and BAC sequencing:, Figures:, Manuscript writing team:
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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d5095230e45">An annotated reference sequence representing the hexaploid bread wheat genome in 21 pseudomolecules has been analyzed to identify the distribution and genomic context of coding and noncoding elements across the A, B, and D subgenomes. With an estimated coverage of 94% of the genome and containing 107,891 high-confidence gene models, this assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage-related coexpression networks by providing a transcriptome atlas representing major stages of wheat development. Dynamics of complex gene families involved in environmental adaptation and end-use quality were revealed at subgenome resolution and contextualized to known agronomic single-gene or quantitative trait loci. This community resource establishes the foundation for accelerating wheat research and application through improved understanding of wheat biology and genomics-assisted breeding. </p>

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          The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses.

          Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.
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            Is Open Access

            ETE 3: Reconstruction, Analysis, and Visualization of Phylogenomic Data

            The Environment for Tree Exploration (ETE) is a computational framework that simplifies the reconstruction, analysis, and visualization of phylogenetic trees and multiple sequence alignments. Here, we present ETE v3, featuring numerous improvements in the underlying library of methods, and providing a novel set of standalone tools to perform common tasks in comparative genomics and phylogenetics. The new features include (i) building gene-based and supermatrix-based phylogenies using a single command, (ii) testing and visualizing evolutionary models, (iii) calculating distances between trees of different size or including duplications, and (iv) providing seamless integration with the NCBI taxonomy database. ETE is freely available at http://etetoolkit.org
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              tRNAscan-SE: A Program for Improved Detection of Transfer RNA Genes in Genomic Sequence

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science
                Science
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                0036-8075
                1095-9203
                August 16 2018
                August 17 2018
                August 17 2018
                August 16 2018
                : 361
                : 6403
                : eaar7191
                Article
                10.1126/science.aar7191
                30115783
                6a1505d1-66dc-4c4f-bbf4-1578a543470e
                © 2018

                http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse

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