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      Inserção produtiva, gênero e saúde mental Translated title: Unemployment, informal work, gender, and mental health

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          Abstract

          Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em Olinda para estimar a associação do desemprego e do trabalho informal com os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), avaliados pelo Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Enquanto as trabalhadoras formais apresentaram uma saúde mental significativamente melhor que as informais (OR = 3,02, IC a 95% 1,3-7,2), desempregadas (OR = 2,66, IC a 95% 1,1-6,3), donas de casa (OR = 2,29, IC a 95% 1,0-5,0) e inativas (OR = 3,19, IC a 95% 1,2-8,4), as diferenças encontradas entre os homens não foram estatisticamente significantes. As odds-ratios sugerem que a posição no mercado produtivo teve o seu efeito sobre a saúde mental modificado pelo sexo. Porém, o teste para interação só foi estatisticamente significante para o trabalho informal, não havendo evidências de que a associação entre o desemprego e a saúde mental fosse diferente entre homens e mulheres. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o mundo do trabalho tem dois sexos e que homens e mulheres vivenciam o trabalho informal diferentemente. Esta constatação apontou para a necessidade de complementar o referencial teórico das relações de classe aqui assumido, com a abordagem de gênero, que reflete a dimensão social das desigualdades sexuais.

          Translated abstract

          A cross-sectional study was conducted in Olinda, Pernambuco, to investigate a possible association between unemployment, informal work, and common mental disorders (CMD) assessed by the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ - 20). While women working in the formal labor market showed significantly better mental health as compared to informal workers (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.3-7.2), housewives (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and unemployed (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.1-6.3) and inactive women (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.2-8.4), no difference was found among men. The actual pattern of the odds ratios suggests a modifying effect of gender in the association between employment status and CMD. However, the interaction term added to the final model was statistically significant for informal work, but not for unemployment. The results of the present study suggest that the experience of informal work may be different for men and women. This finding highlighted the need to incorporate a gender approach (reflecting a social dimension of sex-related inequalities) to the theoretical framework based on social classes adopted here.

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          Most cited references139

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          Anuário Estatístico do Brasil

          (1995)
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            The National Psychiatric Morbidity surveys of Great Britain--initial findings from the household survey.

            This paper describes the Household Survey from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. This covered a sample drawn at random from the population of Britain, with the exception of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. The Postcode Address file was used as the sampling frame. Nearly 13000 adults aged 16-65 were selected for interview, of whom 10108 (79.4%) were successfully interviewed. Eight per cent could not be contacted and 13% refused interview. Psychiatric assessment was carried out by lay interviewers using the CIS-R. Subjects were also screened for psychosis, and screen-positive individuals were examined by psychiatrists using SCAN. Sixteen per cent of subjects scored above the standard cut-off of 12 on the CIS-R. The overall 1-week prevalence of neurotic disorder was 12.3% in males and 19.5% in females. Unmarried and post-marital groups had high rates of disorder, as did single parents and people living on their own. Respondents in Social Class I had notably lower rates of neurotic disorder than the remainder of the sample. Unemployment was strongly associated with disorder. Subjects living in urban areas had a higher overall prevalence, but there was no significant variation by region. Black respondents had higher rates of disorders that were entirely explained by their age, family type and social class. Individual neurotic disorders were all significantly commoner in women, with the exception of panic disorder. The 1-year prevalence of functional psychoses was 4 per 1000, with no sex difference. Alcohol and drug dependence was considerably more prevalent in men. For the first time, the survey provides data on the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorder on a nationwide sample that can be used to inform equitable and effective national psychiatric services.
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              Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study.

              To assess the effect of anticipating job change or non-employment on self reported health status in a group of middle aged male and female white collar civil servants. Longitudinal cohort study (Whitehall II study). Questionnaire data on self reported health status and health behaviour were obtained at initial screening and four years later, during the period when employees of the department facing privatisation were anticipating job change or job loss. London based office staff in 20 civil service departments. 666 members of one department threatened with early privatisation were compared with members of the 19 other departments. Self reported health status measures and health related behaviours, before and during anticipation of privatisation. In comparison to the remainder of the cohort, the profile of health related behaviours of cohort members who faced privatisation was more favourable, both before and during anticipation of privatisation. There were no significant differences in the changes in health behaviours between cohort members moving into a period of job insecurity and the remainder of the cohort. Self reported health status, however, tended to deteriorate among employees anticipating privatisation when compared with that of the rest of the cohort. The application of a longitudinal design, allowing the same individuals to be followed from job security into anticipation, provides more robust evidence than has previously been available that anticipation of job loss affects health even before employment status has changed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                September 2000
                : 16
                : 3
                : 647-659
                Affiliations
                [01] Recife orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Social Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2000000300013 S0102-311X(00)01600313
                10.1590/S0102-311X2000000300013
                69d79c7c-5afb-4963-a291-31d0032be123

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 74, Pages: 13
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
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                Gênero,Saúde Mental,Work,Trabalho,Gender,Mental Health
                Gênero, Saúde Mental, Work, Trabalho, Gender, Mental Health

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