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Abstract
The present case report describes a novel etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis
that appears for the first time in a cow. A similar agent had recently been described
as causing autochthonous infections in horses of Germany and Switzerland. The infection
in the cow was initially diagnosed upon clinical and immunohistological findings.
Subsequent comparative sequence analysis of diagnostic PCR products from the internal
transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of ssrRNA classified the respective isolate as neither
Old World nor New World Leishmania species, but yielded complete identity of the analysed
sequence with the above mentioned horse cases and 98% identity to Leishmania sp. siamensis,
an organism recently identified in a visceral leishmaniasis patient from Thailand.
The potential transmitting vectors for all these cases have not yet been identified.
Future investigations will have to elucidate the veterinary-epidemiological relevance
of this etiological agent, as well as biological parameters such as transmission mode
and geographical origin and distribution.
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