Multicentric Histiocytosis Related to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J
(ALV-J)-Infection in Meat-Type Local Chickens

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ABSTRACT

Gross lesions characterized by swollen livers and spleens accompanied by diffuse white miliary spots, which resembled those of Marek’s disease, were detected in two flocks of local meat-type chickens at a Japanese poultry processing plant in June and August 2010. The microscopic examinations revealed proliferative foci consisting of spindle or polymorphic cells in the interstitium of livers, splenic follicles and the interstitium of kidneys. These cells were positive immunohistochemically with Iba1 antibody, indicating they were histiocytic cells. Some of them contained antigens of avian leukosis virus (ALV) by immunohistochemistry,and the env gene of ALV subgroup J was detected from the spleens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR product indicated that the env gene might be descended from the American ADOL-7501 strain of ALV-J. These results suggest that the swollen livers and spleens of the meat-type chickens may come from histiocytic proliferation caused by ALV-J infection.

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Development and application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for the detection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

L.M. Smith, S.R Brown, K Howes … (1998)

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a recently identified avian retrovirus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. The env gene of the HPRS-103 strain of ALV, the prototype of this subgroup, differs considerably from that of other subgroups, but shows close homology to the env-like sequences of members of the EAV family of endogenous retroviruses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests using two sets of primers were developed for the specific detection of the members of this new subgroup along with another pair of primers for detecting other subgroup viruses. The specificity and sensitivity of this detection system was compared with the conventional detection methods in experimentally and naturally infected samples. The use of PCR was found to be rapid, specific and more sensitive than the conventional diagnostic tests for the detection of ALV. Moreover, the two subgroup J ALV-specific PCR tests were found to be capable of differentiating between 'prototype-like' viruses and more recent isolates which show extensive antigenic and sequence variations. The use of this test as a rapid and sensitive method of detection of viruses in epidemiological studies and eradication programs is discussed.

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Tumors associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer hens during 2007 to 2009 in China.

Jianzhu Liu, Ling-Li Zhang, Ziqiang Cheng … (2010)

In the 3 years leading up to November 2009, 6 different types of naturally occurring neoplasms associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) were diagnosed by histopathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 140 layer hens out of approximately 100,000. The most prevalent tumor type was hemangioma (50%) in commercial layer flocks; the second most prevalent neoplasm type was myelocytoma (38.6%); a small number of ALV-J positive lymphomas (4.3%) that were not associated with Marek's disease (MD) or lymphoid leukosis (LL) was observed. Histiocytic sarcomas (2.1%) were found mainly in the spleen, liver and kidney. Fibrosarcomas (2.8%) presented as metastatic thigh, liver, lung and kidney neoplasms. Three cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma (2.1%) were found associated with ALV-J. Chickens with multiple tumors were a common phenomenon. Usually, hemangiomas plus myelocytomas (8.6%), myelocytomas plus histiocytic sarcomas (2.1%), hemangioma plus myelocytoma and lymphoma (3.6%) were found in various viscera organs. The present report describes the occurrence of multiple neoplasms associated with ALV-J in field layer hens.

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Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States.

A Fadly, E. J. Smith (2016)

Several subgroup J-like avian leukosis viruses (ALV-Js) were isolated from broiler breeder (BB) and commercial broiler flocks experiencing myeloid leukosis (ML) at 4 wk of age or older. In all cases, diagnosis of ML was based on the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions in affected tissues. The isolates were classified as ALV-J by 1) their ability to propagate in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) that are resistant to avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups A and E (C/AE) and 2) positive reaction in a polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for ALV-J. The prototype strain of these isolates, an isolate termed ADOL-Hc1, was obtained from an adult BB flock that had a history of ML. The ADOL-Hc1 was isolated and propagated on C/AE CEF and was distinct antigenically from ALV of subgroups A, B, C, D, and E, as determined by virus neutralization tests. Antibody to ADOL-Hc1 neutralized strain HPRS-103, the prototype of ALV-J isolated from meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom, but antibody to HPRS-103 did not neutralize strain ADOL-Hc1. On the basis of both viremia and antibody, prevalence of ALV-J infection in affected flocks was as high as 87%. Viremia in day-old chicks of three different hatches from a BB flock naturally infected with ALV-J varied from 4% to 25%; in two of the three hatches, 100% of chicks that tested negative for virus at hatch had evidence of viremia by 8 wk of age. The data document the isolation of ALV-J from meat-type chickens experiencing ML as young as 4 wk of age. The data also suggest that strain ADOL-Hc1 is antigenically related, but not identical, to strain HPRS-103 and that contact transmission of ALV-J is efficient and can lead to tolerant infection.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Med. Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVMS

Title: The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Publisher: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 0916-7250

ISSN (Electronic): 1347-7439

Publication date (Electronic): 23 August 2013

Publication date (Print): January 2014

Volume: 76

Issue: 1

Pages: 89-92

Affiliations

[1) ]Fukushima Meat Hygiene Inspection Office, 38–6 Kitasawada, Senouemachi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960–0101, Japan

[2) ] Research Team for Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan

[3) ] Laboratory of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1–17–71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252–5201, Japan

[4) ] Ex-Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180–8602, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence to: Furukawa, S., Fukushima Meat Hygiene Inspection Office, 38–6 Kitasawada, Senouemachi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960–0101, Japan. e-mail: furukawa_seiko_01@ 123456pref.fukushima.lg.jp

Article

Publisher ID: 13-0263

DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0263

PMC ID: 3979936

PubMed ID: 23978900

SO-VID: 629b2603-9190-4e6c-a295-80742ecd9fed

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.

Multicentric Histiocytosis Related to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J (ALV-J)-Infection in Meat-Type Local Chickens

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ABSTRACT

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Decoding Infection and Transmission

Most cited references 11

Development and application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for the detection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

Tumors associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer hens during 2007 to 2009 in China.

Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States.

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