For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
17
views
126
references
 Top references
cited by
38
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      111
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. In particular, regions of high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronaviruses have been highlighted as a likely source of this cross-reactivity. However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear. Here, we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of conserved coronavirus epitopes for the rational design of pan-coronavirus vaccines and consider cross-reactivity of immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on COVID-19 vaccination.

          Abstract

          This Review discusses the evidence for pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which are mainly due to infections with common cold coronaviruses, and how such cross-reactivity affects adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, it explores cross-reactivity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and its implications for vaccine development.

          Related collections

          Most cited references126

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

          Zunyou Wu, Jennifer M. McGoogan (2020)
          Article 0 comments Cited 8398 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients

            Elizabeth J Williamson, Alex J Walker, Krishnan Bhaskaran … (2020)
            COVID-19 has rapidly impacted on mortality worldwide. 1 There is unprecedented urgency to understand who is most at risk of severe outcomes, requiring new approaches for timely analysis of large datasets. Working on behalf of NHS England we created OpenSAFELY: a secure health analytics platform covering 40% of all patients in England, holding patient data within the existing data centre of a major primary care electronic health records vendor. Primary care records of 17,278,392 adults were pseudonymously linked to 10,926 COVID-19 related deaths. COVID-19 related death was associated with: being male (hazard ratio 1.59, 95%CI 1.53-1.65); older age and deprivation (both with a strong gradient); diabetes; severe asthma; and various other medical conditions. Compared to people with white ethnicity, black and South Asian people were at higher risk even after adjustment for other factors (HR 1.48, 1.29-1.69 and 1.45, 1.32-1.58 respectively). We have quantified a range of clinical risk factors for COVID-19 related death in the largest cohort study conducted by any country to date. OpenSAFELY is rapidly adding further patients’ records; we will update and extend results regularly.
            Article 0 comments Cited 2944 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals

              Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Sydney Ramirez … (2020)
              Summary Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide ‘megapools’, circulating SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in ∼70% and 100% of COVID-19 convalescent patients, respectively. CD4+ T cell responses to spike, the main target of most vaccine efforts, were robust and correlated with the magnitude of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA titers. The M, spike and N proteins each accounted for 11-27% of the total CD4+ response, with additional responses commonly targeting nsp3, nsp4, ORF3a and ORF8, among others. For CD8+ T cells, spike and M were recognized, with at least eight SARS-CoV-2 ORFs targeted. Importantly, we detected SARS-CoV-2−reactive CD4+ T cells in ∼40-60% of unexposed individuals, suggesting cross-reactive T cell recognition between circulating ‘common cold’ coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1943 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Eleanor Barnes:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-0831
                ellie.barnes@ndm.ox.ac.uk
                Ane Ogbe:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-7215
                ane.ogbe@ndm.ox.ac.uk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Rev Immunol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Rev Immunol
                Title: Nature Reviews. Immunology
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Print): 1474-1733
                ISSN (Electronic): 1474-1741
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 December 2022
                Pages: 1-13
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, , University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.410556.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0440 1440, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Oxford, UK
                [3 ]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, , University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
                [4 ]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, , University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
                [5 ]GRID grid.10223.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0490, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, , Mahidol University, ; Bangkok, Thailand
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-5854
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-7277
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-0831
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-7215
                Article
                Publisher ID: 809
                DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00809-x
                PMC ID: 9765363
                PubMed ID: 36539527
                SO-VID: 61a760c0-d570-4011-9e9b-c07d18c27669
                Copyright © © Springer Nature Limited 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 8 November 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective

                Keywords: immunological memory,immunopathogenesis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: immunological memory, immunopathogenesis

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content111

                See all similar

                Cited by37

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors5,547

                See all reference authors