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      School children with low birth weight inserted in system of Embu's education: construction of sentences Translated title: Escolares nascidos com baixo peso inseridos no sistema de educação do Embu: formação de sentenças

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To characterize the construction of sentences in schoolchildren born with low weight.METHODS: We selected 413 students from Embu das Artes (SP), Brazil. Application of Recreating Speech Acts of Test of Language Competence sub-test. We analyzed the number of words and the holistic score. Age group of 6-10 years old, female/male, with low birth weight (<2,500 g) in Study Group (SG; n=238), and birth weight above or equal to 2,500 g composing the Control Group (CG; n=175). Children with anomalies were excluded. The both groups' responses were considered as well as the association of the responses with variables birth weight, gender, age of child and maternal age and education, through Student's t-test, χ2test and linear regression.RESULTS: The SG scored less on the total number of words and had worst performance in items that involved prepositions with a sense of temporality and place, with adverb functions. There was no difference between groups regarding the holistic score. It was found positive impact of the variables birth weight (p=0.002), age of child, age of mother and maternal education on standard test scores in both groups.CONCLUSION: The SG had fewer words compared to CG. The higher the birth weight, the higher the score test pattern. It was evident the age-related changes in morpho-syntactic skills addressed in the study, and protection factors mother's schooling and age had a positive impact on language performance.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a construção frasal de escolares nascidos com baixo peso.MÉTODOS: Selecionados 413 escolares de Embu das Artes (SP). Aplicação do subteste Recriando Atos de Fala do Test of Language Competence. Analisou-se o número de palavras e o escore holístico. Faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos, ambos os sexos, baixo peso ao nascimento (<2.500 g) compondo Grupo Pesquisa (GP; n=238) e peso ao nascimento acima ou igual a 2.500 g compondo o Grupo Controle (GC; n=175). Excluídas as crianças com anomalias. Consideraram-se as respostas dos grupos e a associação das respostas com as variáveis peso ao nascimento, sexo, idade da criança e idade e escolaridade maternas, por meio dos testes t de Student, do χ2 e regressão linear.RESULTADOS: O GP obteve menor pontuação quanto ao número de palavras utilizadas e pior desempenho em itens que envolveram preposições com sentido de temporalidade e de local, com funções de advérbios. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao escore holístico. Constatou-se impacto positivo das variáveis peso ao nascimento (p=0,002), idade da criança, idade da mãe e escolaridade materna sobre a pontuação padrão do teste em ambos os grupos.CONCLUSÃO: O GP apresentou número menor de palavras quando comparado ao GC. Quanto mais alto o peso ao nascimento, maior a pontuação obtida. Evidenciou-se evolução relativa à idade nas habilidades morfossintáticas abordadas no estudo, e os fatores de proteção escolaridade e idade da mãe tiveram impacto positivo no desempenho da linguagem.

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          Impaired language abilities and white matter abnormalities in children born very preterm and/or very low birth weight.

          To investigate language abilities in children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks' gestational age) or very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) at 7 years of age and compare their performances with children born at term, and to determine whether group differences could be explained by cerebral white matter abnormality on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging. A cohort of 198 children born <30 weeks' gestational age and/or <1250 g, and 70 term controls were examined. White matter abnormalities were rated quantitatively on brain magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. Language was assessed at age 7 years using standardized language tests. Differences between groups were tested in the 5 language subdomains of phonological awareness, semantics, grammar, discourse, and pragmatics. A mediation effect was tested between birth group, white matter abnormality, and language subdomains. The VPT/VLBW group performed significantly worse than controls on all language subdomains (all P < .001). White matter abnormality mediated the effect of group differences on phonological awareness, and partly mediated this effect for semantics, grammar, and discourse. White matter abnormality was not significantly associated with pragmatics (P = .13). Language is an important area of concern in children born VPT/VLBW. Neonatal white matter abnormality is an important predictor of outcome; however, different language abilities are differentially associated with neonatal white matter abnormality. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Attention problems and language development in preterm low-birth-weight children: Cross-lagged relations from 18 to 36 months

            Background Research has highlighted a series of persistent deficits in cognitive ability in preterm low-birth-weight children. Language and attention problems are among these deficits, although the nature of the relation between attention and language in early development is not well known. This study represents a preliminary attempt to shed light on the relations between attention problems and language development in preterm low-birth-weight children. Methods The aim of this study was to analyse reciprocal influences between language and attention problems from 18 to 36 months. We used maternal reports on attention problems and language ability referring to a sample of 1288 premature low-birth-weight infants, collected as part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A sample of children born full-term was used as the control group (N = 37010). Cross-lagged panel analyses were carried out to study reciprocal influences between attention problems and language. Results Language ability at 18 months did not significantly predict attention problems at 36 months, adjusting for attention problems at 18 months. Attention problems at 18 months significantly predicted changes in language ability from 18 to 36 months, pointing to a precursor role of attention in relation to language in children born preterm. Gender, age corrected for prematurity, and mother's education emerged as important covariates. Conclusions Preliminary evidence was found for a precursor role of early attention problems in relation to language in prematurity. This finding can contribute to a better understanding of the developmental pathways of attention and language and lead to better management of unfavourable outcomes associated with co-morbid attention and language difficulties.
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              Timing and trajectories of fetal growth related to cognitive development in childhood.

              The authors investigated timing and trajectories of fetal growth in relation to childhood development in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Scandinavian Study of Successive Small-for-Gestational Age Births (1986-1988) (n = 1,059). Fetal size was assessed by ultrasound at 17, 25, and 33 gestational weeks and at birth. Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised tests were conducted at ages 1 and 5 years, respectively, producing mental and psychomotor development indexes and verbal and performance intelligence quotients. Relative fetal size was calculated as a standard deviation score at each data point; growth trajectories were explored with longitudinal mixture models. Fetal size at 17, 25, and 33 weeks was positively associated with mental development index; larger size at 33 weeks and at birth was associated with higher verbal intelligence quotient scores (2.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 4.15 and 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.67, 3.13 increase per 1 standard deviation score, respectively); findings were similar for performance intelligence quotient. Seven trajectories were identified; scores were lower for "small" and "medium-to-small" trajectories than for "medium" and "big" (representing normal size) trajectories: mental development index (P < 0.01), performance intelligence quotient (P < 0.001), and verbal intelligence quotient (P < 0.001). Overall, larger fetal size in the second and third trimesters was positively associated with childhood development. Fetal growth trajectories may matter beyond birth.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo )
                2317-1782
                July 2014
                : 26
                : 4
                : 315-321
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S2317-17822014000400315
                10.1590/2317-1782/201420130068
                612355b8-abb9-46a7-addd-db3abaeefc62

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2317-1782&lng=en
                Categories
                AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
                REHABILITATION

                Audiology,Physiotherapy
                Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences,Child,Language Tests,School Health,Linguagem Infantil,Recém-nascido de Baixo Peso,Fonoaudiologia,Criança,Testes de Linguagem,Saúde Escolar,Child Language,Infant, Low Birth Weight

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