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      La importancia del sector minero para el desarrollo de la economía chilena: la evolución de sus campos de influencia Translated title: The importance of the mining sector for the development of the Chilean economy: The evolution of its fields of influence

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          Abstract

          Resumen Mediante un modelamiento de insumo-producto para medir sensibilidades y cambios estructurales de la producción, este estudio analiza cómo han evolucionado éstos en la economía chilena, y, en especial, la importancia que tiene el sector de la minería del cobre en este proceso. La información utilizada proviene de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y abarca un horizonte de 11 años (de 2005 a 2015). El estudio revela la importancia que el cobre tiene para el desarrollo de la economía chilena, lo cual se manifiesta en los cambios ocurridos en los tipos de relaciones formados en la oferta y la demanda de insumos que tiene esta actividad. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran un debilitamiento en las sensibilidades vinculadas con las relaciones de la industria manufacturera, efecto conocido en la literatura de insumo-producto como hollowing-out; esto es, en el debilitamiento de la complejidad de los encadenamientos productivos de la industria, que implica una reducción en la sensibilidad de los vínculos directos; indirectos locales y globales, y totales con el resto del sistema productivo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This study analyzes how the Chilean economy has evolved, and, in particular, the importance of the copper mining sector in this process. Input-output modeling is used to measure sensitivities and structural changes in production. The information used comes from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and covers an 11-year horizon (from 2005 to 2015). The study reveals the importance that copper has on the development of the Chilean economy. It arises in the relationship changes in the supply and demand of inputs made by this activity. Additionally, the results show a weakening in the sensitivities regarding the relations of the manufacturing industry. This effect is known in the input-output literature as “hollowing-out”. A decay of the complexity of the industry’s linkages implies a reduction in the sensitivity of direct, indirect, and total links with the rest of the productive system. It also means increasing dependence on the rest of the world on input providers.

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          Most cited references54

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          Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour

          W. LEWIS (1954)
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            The product space conditions the development of nations.

            Economies grow by upgrading the products they produce and export. The technology, capital, institutions, and skills needed to make newer products are more easily adapted from some products than from others. Here, we study this network of relatedness between products, or "product space," finding that more-sophisticated products are located in a densely connected core whereas less-sophisticated products occupy a less-connected periphery. Empirically, countries move through the product space by developing goods close to those they currently produce. Most countries can reach the core only by traversing empirically infrequent distances, which may help explain why poor countries have trouble developing more competitive exports and fail to converge to the income levels of rich countries.
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              The building blocks of economic complexity.

              For Adam Smith, wealth was related to the division of labor. As people and firms specialize in different activities, economic efficiency increases, suggesting that development is associated with an increase in the number of individual activities and with the complexity that emerges from the interactions between them. Here we develop a view of economic growth and development that gives a central role to the complexity of a country's economy by interpreting trade data as a bipartite network in which countries are connected to the products they export, and show that it is possible to quantify the complexity of a country's economy by characterizing the structure of this network. Furthermore, we show that the measures of complexity we derive are correlated with a country's level of income, and that deviations from this relationship are predictive of future growth. This suggests that countries tend to converge to the level of income dictated by the complexity of their productive structures, indicating that development efforts should focus on generating the conditions that would allow complexity to emerge to generate sustained growth and prosperity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ete
                El trimestre económico
                El trimestre econ
                Fondo de Cultura Económica (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0041-3011
                2448-718X
                September 2021
                : 88
                : 351
                : 831-872
                Affiliations
                [2] Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Economía Chile felix.fuders@ 123456uach.cl
                [3] Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez orgdiv1Escuela de Negocios orgdiv2Centro de Economía y Política Regional Chile patricio.aroca@ 123456uai.cl
                [1] Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Gestión e Industria Chile sergio.soza@ 123456uach.cl
                Article
                S2448-718X2021000300831 S2448-718X(21)08835100831
                10.20430/ete.v88i351.1216
                6039f4e3-729f-4143-97dd-9524e850d9b0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2021
                : 08 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 42
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                hollowing-out,desarrollo económico,campos de influencia,matriz insumo-producto,economic development,fields of influence,Input-output matrix

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