Wear Resistance, Color Stability and Displacement Resistance of Milled PEEK Crowns Compared to Zirconia Crowns under Stimulated Chewing and High-Performance Aging

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Abstract

Recently, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been introduced to the dental market as a high-performance and chemically inert biomaterial. This study aimed to compare the wear resistance, abrasiveness, color stability, and displacement resistance of zirconia and PEEK milled crowns. An ideal tooth preparation of a first maxillary molar was done and scanned by an intraoral scanner to make a digital model. Then, the prosthetic crown was digitally designed on the CAD software, and the STL file was milled in zirconia (CaroZiir S, Carol Zircolite Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat, India) and PEEK (BioHpp, Bredent GmbH, Senden, Germany) crowns using five-axis CNC milling machines. The wear resistance, color stability, and displacement resistance of the milled monolithic zirconia with unfilled PEEK crowns using a chewing simulator with thermocyclic aging (120,000 cycles) were compared. The antagonist wear, material wear, color stability, and displacement were evaluated and compared among the groups using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U-test. Zirconia was shown to be three times more abrasive than PEEK (p value < 0.05). Zirconia had twice the wear resistance of PEEK (p value < 0.05). Zirconia was more color stable than PEEK (p value < 0.05). PEEK had more displacement resistance than zirconia (p value < 0.05). PEEK offers minimal abrasion, better stress modulation through plastic deformation, and good color stability, which make it a promising alternative to zirconia crown.

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Influence of Layer Thickness and Raster Angle on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PEEK and a Comparative Mechanical Study between PEEK and ABS

Wenzheng Wu, Peng Geng, Guiwei Li … (2015)

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rapidly growing 3D printing technology. However, printing materials are restricted to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or poly (lactic acid) (PLA) in most Fused deposition modeling (FDM) equipment. Here, we report on a new high-performance printing material, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), which could surmount these shortcomings. This paper is devoted to studying the influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK. Samples with three different layer thicknesses (200, 300 and 400 μm) and raster angles (0°, 30° and 45°) were built using a polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) 3D printing system and their tensile, compressive and bending strengths were tested. The optimal mechanical properties of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) samples were found at a layer thickness of 300 μm and a raster angle of 0°. To evaluate the printing performance of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) samples, a comparison was made between the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts. The results suggest that the average tensile strengths of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) parts were 108% higher than those for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and compressive strengths were 114% and bending strengths were 115%. However, the modulus of elasticity for both materials was similar. These results indicate that the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) are superior to 3D-printed ABS.

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Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics.

Shariq Najeeb, Muhammad S. Zafar, Zohaib Khurshid … (2016)

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer that has many potential uses in dentistry. The aim of this review was to summarize the outcome of research conducted on the material for dental applications. In addition, future prospects of PEEK in the field of clinical dentistry have been highlighted.

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composites Based on 3D-Printing Technology for Orthopedic and Dental Applications

Xingting Han, Dong Yang, Chuncheng Yang … (2019)

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rapidly growing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and has great potential in medicine. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible high-performance polymer, which is suitable to be used as an orthopedic/dental implant material. However, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of FDM-printed PEEK and its composites are still not clear. In this study, FDM-printed pure PEEK and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) composite were successfully fabricated by FDM and characterized by mechanical tests. Moreover, the sample surfaces were modified with polishing and sandblasting methods to analyze the influence of surface roughness and topography on general biocompatibility (cytotoxicity) and cell adhesion. The results indicated that the printed CFR-PEEK samples had significantly higher general mechanical strengths than the printed pure PEEK (even though there was no statistical difference in compressive strength). Both PEEK and CFR-PEEK materials showed good biocompatibility with and without surface modification. Cell densities on the “as-printed” PEEK and the CFR-PEEK sample surfaces were significantly higher than on the corresponding polished and sandblasted samples. Therefore, the FDM-printed CFR-PEEK composite with proper mechanical strengths has potential as a biomaterial for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications.