6
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Banatian DeathMetals: Radiocarbon Dating of Cremation Burials of the Setting Bronze Age and Dawning Iron Age

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisher
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The lack of radiocarbon measurements of funerary contexts is a major shortcoming of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age of the Eastern Carpathian Basin, especially in the Banat region. The present batch of samples tries to address these drawbacks, by detailing sampling strategies, employed pre-treatment and by providing a robust and coherent dataset of radiocarbon measurements. Implications of the new radiocarbon dates is discussed from a supra-regional perspective, while keeping aspects of typo-chronology, circulation of goods, and social nuances of employment of Bronze Age bronzes in the forefront. Ten burials were selected from four Banatian burial grounds according to the occurrence of metal finds in the funerary inventories. Beyond establishing a broad frame of absolute chronology for these sites of interment, the radiocarbon data provide reliable arguments for the precise attribution of metal discoveries. In addition, the data allow us to challenge some previously stated chronological assignments.

          RÉSUMÉ

          DeathMetal Banatien : datation radiocarbone des sépultures à incinération du début de l’âge du Bronze à l’aube de l’âge du Fer , par Tibor-Tamás Daróczi, Andrei Bălărie, Jesper Olsen et Miroslav Birclin

          Le manque de datations radiocarbones en contexte funéraire est une lacune majeure concernant l’âge du Bronze récent et l’âge du Fer ancien dans l’est du bassin carpatique, particulièrement dans la région du Banat. La présente série d’échantillons cherche à combler ce manque, en précisant les stratégies d’échantillonnages et des prétraitements employés, et en fournissant un ensemble robuste et cohérent de datations radiocarbones. Les implications des nouvelles dates radiocarbones sont abordées dans une perspective extrarégionale, tout en gardant au premier plan les questions de typo-chronologie, de circulation des biens, et des nuances sociales dans l’emploi des bronzes de l’âge du Bronze. Dix sépultures ont été sélectionnées dans quatre cimetières Banatiens en fonction de la présence de mobilier métallique dans les inventaires funéraires. En plus d’établir un cadre général de chronologie absolue pour ces sites de déposition, les données radiocarbones fournissent des arguments fiables pour l’attribution précise des objets métalliques découverts. De plus, les données nous permettent de remettre en question des attributions chronologiques établies auparavant.

          ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

          DeathMetal im Banat: Radiokarbondatierung von Brandbestattungen der ausgehenden Bronzezeit und beginnenden Eisenzeit , von Tibor-Tamás Daróczi, Andrei Bălărie, Jesper Olsen und Miroslav Birclin

          Das Fehlen von Radiokarbondaten aus Bestattungskontexten ist ein großes Manko für die Erforschung der Spätbronzezeit und der frühen Eisenzeit des östlichen Karpatenbeckens und insbesondere der Banatregion. Mit der vorliegenden Probenserie sollen diese Lücken gefüllt werden durch die detaillierte Erörterung der Beprobungsstrategien, angewandte Vorbehandlung und durch einen robusten und kohärenten Datensatz von Radiokohlenstoffmessungen. Die Auswirkungen der neuen Datierungen werden aus einer überregionalen Perspektive diskutiert, wobei Aspekte der Typochronologie, des Güterkreislaufs und der sozialen Nuancen der Verwendung bronzezeitlicher Bronzeartefakte im Vordergrund stehen. Aus vier Gräberfeldern im Banat wurden zehn Bestattungen anhand des Vorkommens von Metallfunden in den Grabinventaren ausgewählt. Neben der Etablierung eines breiten absolutchronologischen Rahmens dieser Bestattungsplätze liefern die Radiokarbondaten zuverlässige Argumente für die genaue Zuordnung der Metallfunde. Darüber hinaus erlauben es uns die Daten, einige der zuvor gegebenen chronologischen Zuordnungen in Frage zu stellen.

          RESUMEN

          Banatian DeathMetals: dataciones radiocarbónicas de enterramientos de cremación durante la Edad del Bronce e inicios de la Edad del Hierro, por Tibor-Tamás Daróczi, Andrei Bălărie, Jesper Olsen y Miroslav Birclin

          La ausencia de dataciones radiocarbónicas de los contextos funerarios es una deficiencia importante de la Edad del Bronce final e inicios de la Edad del Hierro en la cuenca de los Cárpatos orientales, especialmente en la región de Banat. El conjunto de muestras que presentamos pretende afrontar estas insuficiencias detallando las estrategias de muestreo, el pretratamiento empleado, y proporcionando un conjunto de datos sólido y coherente de dataciones radiocarbónicas. Las implicaciones de estas nuevas dataciones radiocarbónicas se discuten desde una perspectiva supra-regional, mientras que se mantienen en primer plano los aspectos relacionados con la tipo-cronología, la circulación de bienes y los matices sociales del uso de los bronces durante la Edad del Bronce. Se seleccionaron 10 enterramientos de cuatro necrópolis de Banat en función de la aparición de los objetos de metal en sus inventarios funerarios. Más allá de establecer un marco de cronología absoluta para estos lugares de entierro, los datos de radiocarbono aportan argumentos fiables para una atribución precisa de los descubrimientos metálicos. Además, los datos nos permiten cuestionar algunas de las asignaciones cronológicas establecidas anteriormente.

          Related collections

          Most cited references94

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found
          Is Open Access

          THE INTCAL20 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE (0–55 CAL kBP)

          Radiocarbon ( 14 C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14 C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14 C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14 C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14 C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14 C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets

            Bayesian models have proved very powerful in analyzing large datasets of radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements from specific sites and in regional cultural or political models. These models require the prior for the underlying processes that are being described to be defined, including the distribution of underlying events. Chronological information is also incorporated into Bayesian models used in DNA research, with the use of Skyline plots to show demographic trends. Despite these advances, there remain difficulties in assessing whether data conform to the assumed underlying models, and in dealing with the type of artifacts seen in Sum plots. In addition, existing methods are not applicable for situations where it is not possible to quantify the underlying process, or where sample selection is thought to have filtered the data in a way that masks the original event distribution. In this paper three different approaches are compared: “Sum” distributions, postulated undated events, and kernel density approaches. Their implementation in the OxCal program is described and their suitability for visualizing the results from chronological and geographic analyses considered for cases with and without useful prior information. The conclusion is that kernel density analysis is a powerful method that could be much more widely applied in a wide range of dating applications.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Characterisation and blind testing of radiocarbon dating of cremated bone

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
                Proc. Prehist. Soc.
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0079-497X
                2050-2729
                June 26 2023
                : 1-21
                Article
                10.1017/ppr.2023.4
                5d91fdde-b7b8-4382-a9ea-8392c6116d1a
                © 2023

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article