Gut Microbiota, NAFLD and COVID-19: A Possible Interaction

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Abstract

COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a major public health concern around the world. The beta coronavirus family includes SARS-CoV2, which enters cells via the ACE2 receptor. Patients in Wuhan, China, who suffered from the first sickness had no symptoms concerning the digestive system. Only 2.6% developed diarrhea, and only 2% had chronic liver illness. As the situation becomes more complicated, more people are reporting gastric issues. The disorder is characterized by diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and gastrointestinal bleeding, with diarrhea being the most common symptom. Several theories have been proposed for the genesis of gastrointestinal issues. Virus-induced cytopathic effects via ACE2, immune-mediated inflammatory cytokine storm, gut–lung axis function and drug-related damage are among them, not only in cases of COVID-19, but also in gastrointestinal illnesses.

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Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Ben Hu, Hua Guo, Peng Zhou … (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. In this Review, we describe the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses. We summarize current knowledge of clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of COVID-19, as well as recent progress in animal models and antiviral treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease

Víctor J. Costela-Ruiz, Rebeca Illescas-Montes, Jose M. Puerta-Puerta … (2020)

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Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study

Thomas Marjot, Andrew M. Moon, Jonathan A Cook … (2020)

Background Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are associated with immune dysregulation leading to concerns that these patients may be at risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the impact of COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing liver disease remains ill-defined. Methods Data for CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 were collected by two international registries. Comparisons were made with non-CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 from a UK hospital network. Results Between 25th March and 8th July 2020, 745 CLD patients were reported from 29 countries including 386 with cirrhosis and 359 without. Mortality was 32% in patients with cirrhosis compared with 8% in those without (p<0.001). Mortality in cirrhosis patients increased according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh class (CTP-A (19%), CTP-B (35%), CTP-C (51%)) and the main cause of death was respiratory failure (71%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, factors associated with death in the total CLD cohort were age (OR 1.02; 1.01–1.04), CTP-A (OR 1.90; 1.03–3.52), CTP-B (OR 4.14; 2.4–7.65), CTP-C cirrhosis (OR 9.32; 4.80–18.08) and alcohol related liver disease (ALD) (OR 1.79; 1.03–3.13). When comparing CLD versus non-CLD (n=620) in propensity-score-matched analysis there were significant increases in mortality with CTP-B +20.0% (8.8%–31.3%) and CTP-C cirrhosis +38.1% (27.1%–49.2%). Acute hepatic decompensation occurred in 46% of patients with cirrhosis, of which 21% had no respiratory symptoms. 50% of those with hepatic decompensation had acute-on-chronic liver failure. Conclusions This is the largest reported cohort of CLD and cirrhosis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection to date. We demonstrate that baseline liver disease stage and ALD are independent risk factor for death from COVID-19. These data have important implications for the risk stratification of patients with CLD across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Carmine Finelli: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Obesities

Abbreviated Title: Obesities

Publisher: MDPI AG

ISSN (Electronic): 2673-4168

Publication date Created: June 2022

Publication date (Electronic): May 15 2022

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Pages: 215-221

Article

DOI: 10.3390/obesities2020017

SO-VID: 5b5970fc-2b04-4167-8a25-ecb6f00038e9

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Gut Microbiota, NAFLD and COVID-19: A Possible Interaction

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 45

Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease

Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study

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