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      Applying extrusion-based 3D printing technique accelerates fabricating complex biphasic calcium phosphate-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

      review-article
      a , e , , a , e , , b , c , d , e , *
      Journal of Advanced Research
      Elsevier
      Bone tissue engineering, Biphasic calcium phosphate, Extrusion-based 3D printing, Robocasting, Additive manufacturing, AM, Additive manufacturing, ALP, Alkaline phosphatase, BJP, Binder jet printing, BCP, Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, BMSCs, Bone marrow stromal cells, BMP-2, Bone morphogenic protein 2, BTE, Bone tissue regenerating, CPO, Calcium peroxide, CaPs, Calcium phosphates, CAD, Computer-aided design, ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, FEM, Finite element modeling, FDM, Fused deposition modeling, GelMA, Gelatin-methacryloyl, GNPs, Graphene Nanoplatelets, hAT-MSCs, Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, hBMSCs, Human bone mesenchymal stem cells, hMSCs, Human mesenchymal stem cells, HA, Hydroxyapatite, IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor-1, PDGF-AB, Platelet-derived growth factor-AB, PRF, Platelet-rich fibrin, PEG, Poly ethylene glycol), PMMA, Poly-methacrylate, PCL, Polycaprolactone, PLA, Polylactic acid, PLGA, Polylactic-co-glycolic acid, PVA, Polyvinyl alcohol, SLS, Selective laser sintering, SLM, Selective laser melting, SBF, Simulated Body Fluid, SLA, Stereolithography, SFE, Surface free energy, TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TIPS, Thermally-induced phase separation, 3D, Three-dimensional, TE, Tissue engineering, TGF- β1, Transforming growth factor- β1, TCP, Tri-Calcium Phosphate, TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor, UDMA, Urethane di-methacrylate, VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor, β-CPP, β-Calcium Pyrophosphate, β-TCP, β-Tricalcium Phosphate

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          Graphical abstract

          Highlights

          • Biphasic calcium phosphates offer a chemically similar biomaterial to the natural bone, which can significantly accelerate bone formation and reconstruction.

          • Robocasting is a suitable technique to produce porous scaffolds supporting cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation.

          • This review discusses materials and methods utilized for BCP robocasting, considering recent advancements and existing challenges in using additives for bioink preparation.

          • Commercialization and marketing approach, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations, biologic responses, and post-processing steps are also investigated.

          • Possible strategies and opportunities for the use of BCP toward injured bone regeneration along with clinical applications are discussed.

          • The study proposes that BCP possesses an acceptable level of bone substituting, considering its challenges and struggles.

          Abstract

          Background

          Tissue engineering (TE) is the main approach for stimulating the body’s mechanisms to regenerate damaged or diseased organs. Bone and cartilage tissues due to high susceptibility to trauma, tumors, and age-related disease exposures are often need for reconstruction. Investigation on the development and applications of the novel biomaterials and methods in bone tissue engineering (BTE) is of great importance to meet emerging today’s life requirements.

          Aim of review

          Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) offer a chemically similar biomaterial to the natural bone, which can significantly promote cell proliferation and differentiation and accelerate bone formation and reconstruction. Recent advancements in the bone scaffold fabrication have led to employing additive manufacturing (AM) methods. Extrusion-based 3D printing, known also as robocasting method, is one of the extensively used AM techniques in BTE applications. This review discusses materials and methods utilized for BCP robocasting.

          Key scientific concepts of review

          Recent advancements and existing challenges in the use of additives for bioink preparation are critically discussed. Commercialization and marketing approach, post-processing steps, clinical applications, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations beside the biological responses are also reviewed. Finally, possible strategies and opportunities for the use of BCP toward injured bone regeneration are discussed.

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          Most cited references239

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          Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

          Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.
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            Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering

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              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Adv Res
                J Adv Res
                Journal of Advanced Research
                Elsevier
                2090-1232
                2090-1224
                28 December 2021
                September 2022
                28 December 2021
                : 40
                : 69-94
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [b ]Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
                [c ]Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [d ]Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
                [e ]Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Ali Farzin). afarzin@ 123456sina.tums.ac.ir
                [†]

                These two authors are equally contributed in this work.

                Article
                S2090-1232(21)00265-4
                10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.012
                9481949
                36100335
                59e59bd8-71b4-497a-844a-b81414d8ef03
                © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 14 September 2021
                : 9 December 2021
                : 23 December 2021
                Categories
                Review

                bone tissue engineering,biphasic calcium phosphate,extrusion-based 3d printing,robocasting,additive manufacturing,am, additive manufacturing,alp, alkaline phosphatase,bjp, binder jet printing,bcp, biphasic calcium phosphate,bmscs, bone marrow stromal cells,bmp-2, bone morphogenic protein 2,bte, bone tissue regenerating,cpo, calcium peroxide,caps, calcium phosphates,cad, computer-aided design,elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,fem, finite element modeling,fdm, fused deposition modeling,gelma, gelatin-methacryloyl,gnps, graphene nanoplatelets,hat-mscs, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,hbmscs, human bone mesenchymal stem cells,hmscs, human mesenchymal stem cells,ha, hydroxyapatite,igf-1, insulin-like growth factor-1,pdgf-ab, platelet-derived growth factor-ab,prf, platelet-rich fibrin,peg, poly ethylene glycol),pmma, poly-methacrylate,pcl, polycaprolactone,pla, polylactic acid,plga, polylactic-co-glycolic acid,pva, polyvinyl alcohol,sls, selective laser sintering,slm, selective laser melting,sbf, simulated body fluid,sla, stereolithography,sfe, surface free energy,trap, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,tips, thermally-induced phase separation,3d, three-dimensional,te, tissue engineering,tgf- β1, transforming growth factor- β1,tcp, tri-calcium phosphate,tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor,udma, urethane di-methacrylate,vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor,β-cpp, β-calcium pyrophosphate,β-tcp, β-tricalcium phosphate
                bone tissue engineering, biphasic calcium phosphate, extrusion-based 3d printing, robocasting, additive manufacturing, am, additive manufacturing, alp, alkaline phosphatase, bjp, binder jet printing, bcp, biphasic calcium phosphate, bmscs, bone marrow stromal cells, bmp-2, bone morphogenic protein 2, bte, bone tissue regenerating, cpo, calcium peroxide, caps, calcium phosphates, cad, computer-aided design, elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fem, finite element modeling, fdm, fused deposition modeling, gelma, gelatin-methacryloyl, gnps, graphene nanoplatelets, hat-mscs, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, hbmscs, human bone mesenchymal stem cells, hmscs, human mesenchymal stem cells, ha, hydroxyapatite, igf-1, insulin-like growth factor-1, pdgf-ab, platelet-derived growth factor-ab, prf, platelet-rich fibrin, peg, poly ethylene glycol), pmma, poly-methacrylate, pcl, polycaprolactone, pla, polylactic acid, plga, polylactic-co-glycolic acid, pva, polyvinyl alcohol, sls, selective laser sintering, slm, selective laser melting, sbf, simulated body fluid, sla, stereolithography, sfe, surface free energy, trap, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, tips, thermally-induced phase separation, 3d, three-dimensional, te, tissue engineering, tgf- β1, transforming growth factor- β1, tcp, tri-calcium phosphate, tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor, udma, urethane di-methacrylate, vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor, β-cpp, β-calcium pyrophosphate, β-tcp, β-tricalcium phosphate

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