Ellis Jaewon Yeo:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-2204
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Khuthadzo Hlongwane: Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
Kennedy Otwombe: Role: Formal analysis
Kathryn L. Hopkins:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-3686
Role: Writing – review & editing
Ebrahim Variava: Role: Conceptualization
Neil Martinson: Role: Conceptualization
Steffanie A. Strathdee: Role: Conceptualization
Jenny Coetzee: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Resources
Minja Milovanovic: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Yukiko Washio: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
21
January
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Electronic Location Identifier: e0261855
Affiliations
[1
]
Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United
States of America
[2
]
Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The
Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa
[3
]
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
[4
]
Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
[5
]
Department of Internal Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, University
of The Witwatersrand, Matlosana, South Africa
[6
]
Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
of America
[7
]
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California,
United States of America
[8
]
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland, United States of America
[9
]
South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
[10
]
African Potential Management Consultancy, Kyalami, South Africa
Christiana Care/University of Delaware, UNITED STATES
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-22797
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261855
PMC ID: 8782394
PubMed ID: 35061728
SO-VID: 57e8a26a-12f7-43ff-b418-5e20c68657b4
Copyright © © 2022 Yeo et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009041, national department of health;
Award Recipient
:
Jenny Coetzee
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000943, albert and margaret alkek foundation;
Award Recipient
:
Jenny Coetzee
Funded by:
networking hiv/aids community of south africa
Award ID: NAC-SW-2016-1
Award Recipient
:
Jenny Coetzee
Funded by:
uc san diego center for aids research international pilot grant application
Award ID: 2P30AI036214-24
Award Recipient
:
Jenny Coetzee
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440, wellcome trust;
Award ID: 214204/A/18/Z
Award Recipient
:
Jenny Coetzee
The Soweto study was funded by the Medical Research Council of South Africa in terms
of the National Health Scholars Programme from funds provided for the purpose of a
PhD by the National Department of Health/Public Health Enhancement Fund to JC,
https://www.samrc.ac.za/researchdevelopment. In addition, funding was received through The Albert Wessels’ Trust to JC. The Global
Fund and Networking HIV/AIDS Community of South Africa (NACOSA) provided support to
the project, NAC-SW-2016-1, awarded to JC. The Klerksdorp study was funded by UC San
Diego Center for AIDS Research International Pilot Grant Application to NM and JC,
(2P30AI036214-24). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY
public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this
submission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Drug Abuse
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Drug Abuse
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Nutrition
Subject:
Diet
Subject:
Alcohol Consumption
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Nutrition
Subject:
Diet
Subject:
Alcohol Consumption
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
Subject:
Child Abuse
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
Subject:
Child Abuse
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Criminology
Subject:
Crime
Subject:
Child Abuse
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pediatrics
Subject:
Child Abuse
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
People and places
Subject:
Geographical locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
South Africa
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Sexual and Gender Issues
Subject:
Sex Work
