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Abstract
<p class="first" id="d279633e140">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer that originates
from the bone marrow (BM).
Under physiological conditions, the bone marrow supports the homeostasis of immune
cells and hosts memory lymphoid cells. In this review, we summarize our present understanding
of the role of the immune microenvironment on healthy bone marrow and on the development
of AML, with a focus on T cells and other lymphoid cells. The types and function of
different immune cells involved in the AML microenvironment as well as their putative
role in the onset of disease and response to treatment are presented. We also describe
how the immune context predicts the response to immunotherapy in AML and how these
therapies modulate the immune status of the bone marrow. Finally, we focus on allogeneic
stem cell transplantation and summarize the current understanding of the immune environment
in the post-transplant bone marrow, the factors associated with immune escape and
relevant strategies to prevent and treat relapse.
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