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      Vocal quality assessment: methodological approach for a perceptive data analysis Translated title: Avaliação de qualidade vocal: abordagem metodológica para análise de dados perceptivos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Purpose: to present a methodological approach for interpreting perceptual judgments of vocal quality by a group of evaluators using the script Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme. Methods: a cross-sectional study based on 90 speech samples from 25 female teachers with voice disorders and/or laryngeal changes. Prior to the perceptual judgment, three perceptual tasks were performed to select samples to be presented to five evaluators using the Experiment script MFC 3.2 (software PRAAT). Next, a sequence of tests was applied, based on successive approaches of inter- and intra-evaluators’ behavior. Data were treated by statistical analysis (Cochran and Selenor tests). Results: with respect to the analysis of the evaluators' performance, it was possible to define those that presented the best results, in terms of reliability and proximity of analyses, as compared to the most experienced evaluator, excluding one. The results of the cluster analysis also allowed designing a voice quality profile of the group of speakers studied. Conclusions: the proposal of a methodological approach allowed defining evaluators whose judgments were based on phonetic knowledge, and drawing a vocal quality profile of the group of samples analyzed.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar uma abordagem metodológica para interpretação de julgamentos perceptivos de qualidade vocal por um grupo de juízes que utilizou o roteiro Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado a partir de 90 amostras de fala de 25 professoras da rede pública com distúrbio de voz e/ou alteração laríngea. Previamente ao julgamento perceptivo, foram realizadas três tarefas de percepção para a escolha das amostras que foram apresentadas a cinco juízes por meio do script Experiment MFC 3.2 (software PRAAT). A seguir, foi aplicada uma sequência de testes com base em abordagens sucessivas do comportamento inter e intrajuízes. Os dados foram tratados por meio de análise estatística (testes de Cochran e Snedecor). Resultados: com relação à análise do desempenho dos juízes foi possível definir aqueles que apresentaram melhores resultados em termos de confiabilidade e de proximidade de análises ao juiz mais experiente, com exclusão de um. Os resultados da análise de cluster também permitiram compor o perfil de qualidade vocal do grupo de falantes estudado. Conclusões: a proposta de abordagem metodológica permitiu definir os juízes, cujos julgamentos pautaram-se por conhecimentos fonéticos, bem como traçar o perfil de qualidade vocal do grupo de amostras analisadas.

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          Most cited references36

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          Auditory-perceptual evaluation of disordered voice quality: pros, cons and future directions.

          Auditory-perceptual evaluation is the most commonly used clinical voice assessment method, and is often considered a gold standard for documentation of voice disorders. This view has arisen for many reasons, including the fact that voice quality is perceptual in nature and that the perceptual characteristics of voice have greater intuitive meaning and shared reality among listeners than do many instrumental measures. Other factors include limitations in the validity and reliability of instrumental methods and lack of agreement as to the most sensitive and specific instrumental measures of voice quality. Perceptual evaluation has, however, been heavily criticised because it is subjective. As a result, listener reliability is not always adequate and auditory-perceptual ratings can be confounded by factors such as the listener's shifting internal standards, listener experience, type of rating scale used and the voice sample being evaluated. This paper discusses these pros and cons of perceptual evaluation, and outlines clinical strategies and research approaches that may lead to improvements in the assessment of voice quality. In particular, clinicians are advised to use multiple methods of voice quality evaluation, and to include both subjective and objective evaluation tools.
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            Individual differences in voice quality perception.

            Sixteen listeners (10 expert, 6 naive) judged the dissimilarity of pairs of voices drawn from pathological and normal populations. Separate nonmetric multidimensional scaling solutions were calculated for each listener and voice set. The correlations between individual listeners' dissimilarity ratings were low. However, scaling solutions indicated that each subject judged the voices in a reliable, meaningful way. Listeners differed more from one another in their judgments of the pathological voices (which varied widely on a number of acoustic parameters) than they did for the normal voices (which formed a much more homogeneous set acoustically). The acoustic features listeners used to judge dissimilarity were predictable from the characteristics of the stimulus sets: only parameters that showed substantial variability were perceptually salient across listeners. These results are consistent with prototype models of voice perception. They suggest that traditional means of assessing listener reliability in voice perception tasks may not be appropriate, and highlight the importance of using explicit comparisons between stimuli when studying voice quality perception.
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              Measuring voice outcomes: state of the science review.

              Researchers evaluating voice disorder interventions currently have a plethora of voice outcome measurement tools from which to choose. Faced with such a wide choice, it would be beneficial to establish a clear rationale to guide selection. This article reviews the published literature on the three main areas of voice outcome assessment: (1) perceptual rating of voice quality, (2) acoustic measurement of the speech signal and (3) patient self-reporting of voice problems. We analysed the published reliability, validity, sensitivity to change and utility of the common outcome measurement tools in each area. From the data, we suggest that routine voice outcome measurement should include (1) an expert rating of voice quality (using the Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain rating scale) and (2) a short self-reporting tool (either the Vocal Performance Questionnaire or the Vocal Handicap Index 10). These measures have high validity, the best reported reliability to date, good sensitivity to change data and excellent utility ratings. However, their application and administration require attention to detail. Acoustic measurement has arguable validity and poor reliability data at the present time. Other areas of voice outcome measurement (e.g. stroboscopy and aerodynamic phonatory measurements) require similarly detailed research and analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcefac
                Revista CEFAC
                Rev. CEFAC
                ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1982-0216
                December 2017
                : 19
                : 6
                : 831-841
                Affiliations
                [3] Alfenas Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Alfenas orgdiv1Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Brazil
                [1] João Pessoa orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-18462017000600831
                10.1590/1982-021620171961417
                561b537a-598e-4aab-91ae-a2e0fa4b7d4c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2017
                : 14 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Avaliação,Speech Perception,Voice Disorders,Teachers,Voice,Evaluation,Percepção da Fala,Distúrbios da Voz,Docentes,Voz

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