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      The double vulnerability of elderly caregivers: multimorbidity and perceived burden and their associations with frailty Translated title: A dupla vulnerabilidade de idosos cuidadores: Multimorbidade e sobrecarga percebida e suas associações com fragilidade

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: To identify if multimorbidity and burden are associated with a greater likelihood of frailty in elderly caregivers of other elderly persons within the family context. Method: 148 elderly caregivers caring for other elderly persons [M=69.7 (±7.0) years old] were recruited using a criterion of convenience in public and private health services in the city of Campinas and surrounding areas. Information was gathered about socio-demographic context, context of care, physical health, care burden using the Zarit Burden Scale, and frailty, measured by subjective evaluation. Four groups of vulnerability were created based on the presence or absence of multimorbidities and high or low burden, in order to verify which group was most strongly associated with frailty. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, measurements of association and multivariate hierarchical logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 55.4%. The Zarit Burden Scale presented a median of 23 out of a total of 88 points. Of the sample, 35.1% were frail, 46.0% intermediate, and 18.9% robust. Elderly caregivers with multimorbidity and high burden had a greater probability of frailty (OR=3.6; CI 1.55-8.36), followed by those with multimorbidity and low burden (OR=2.8; CI 1.13-6.79). Conclusion: The sensation of burden among caregivers was reduced; those with double vulnerability were most prevalent among the four groups and had the greatest association with the occurrence of frailty; multimorbidity was associated with frailty. If combined with perceived burden, however, the odds ratios of the elderly caregivers being frail increased.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: Identificar se a multimorbidade e a sobrecarga associam-se a maiores chances de fragilidade em idosos que cuidam de outros idosos no contexto da família. Método: Investigou-se em 148 idosos cuidadores de idosos [M=69,7 (±7,0) anos] dados sociodemográficos, do contexto do cuidado, de saúde física, de sobrecarga do cuidado por meio da Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, e de fragilidade pela avaliação subjetiva de fragilidade. Foram compostos quatro grupos de vulnerabilidade, a partir da multimorbidade presente ou ausente e da sobrecarga alta ou baixa, para verificar qual deles apresenta maior associação com a fragilidade. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se análises descritivas, medidas de associação e regressão logística hierárquica multivariada. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade foi 55,4%. A Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit apresentou mediana de 23, de um total de 88 pontos. Foram identificados como frágeis 35,1%, pré-frágeis 46,0% e robustos 18,9%. Aqueles com multimorbidade e alta sobrecarga apresentaram maior probabilidade de fragilidade (OR=3,6; IC 1,55-8,36) seguidos por aqueles com multimorbidade e baixa sobrecarga (OR=2,8; IC 1,13-6,79). Conclusão: A sensação de sobrecarga do cuidado mostrou-se amenizada; aqueles com dupla vulnerabilidade foram mais prevalentes dentre os quatro grupos compostos, bem como apresentaram maior associação com a ocorrência de fragilidade; multimorbidade associou-se à fragilidade, no entanto, se combinada à sensação de sobrecarga as chances do idoso cuidador ser frágil são aumentadas.

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          Brazilian version of the Burden Interview scale for the assessment of burden of care in carers of people with mental illnesses

          INTRODUCTION: Burden on informal carers of people with mental or physical illnesses has been studied for a long time. Several standardized instruments for the assessment of carer's burden have been developed. The Burden Interview is one of the most frequently used instruments. The aim of the present study is to examine the internal consistency and validity of the Brazilian version of the Burden Interview, designed to examine the burden in carers of individuals with mental illnesses. METHODS: Carers of patients with a diagnosis of depression, aged 60 or over, were assessed for burden (Burden Interview), emotional distress (SRQ-20) and their perception of patients' behavioral and mood disturbances (Behavioral and Mood Disturbance Scale - BMD). Socio-demographic information of patients and carers was collected with a standardized form. The reliability of the Burden Interview was assessed through its internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed through the exam of the associations of carers' burden with their perception of patients' behavioral and mood disturbances, and the carers' burden with carers' distress. RESULTS: Eighty-two carers of elderly patients with depression were included, being forty-eight (58,5%) women. The internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. The associations between total scores of the Burden Interview and total scores of the SRQ-20 (r=0.37, p=0.001), and between total scores of the Burden Interview with total scores of BMD (r=0.54, p=0.001) were strong, and similar to other studies that examined those associations, indicating a good construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Burden Interview. DISCUSSION: The Brazilian version of the Burden Interview is a standardized and valid instrument that can be used in the study of the impact of mental and physical illnesses on informal carers.
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            Frailty in older adults evidence for a phenotype

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              Screening for frailty in older adults using a self-reported instrument

              OBJECTIVE To validate a screening instrument using self-reported assessment of frailty syndrome in older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento study conducted in Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 433 older adult individuals (≥ 75 years) assessed in 2009. The self-reported instrument can be applied to older adults or their proxy respondents and consists of dichotomous questions directly related to each component of the frailty phenotype, which is considered the gold standard model: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, low physical activity, decreased physical strength, and decreased walking speed. The same classification proposed in the phenotype was utilized: not frail (no component identified); pre-frail (presence of one or two components), and frail (presence of three or more components). Because this is a screening instrument, “process of frailty” was included as a category (pre-frail and frail). Cronbach’s α was used in psychometric analysis to evaluate the reliability and validity of the criterion, the sensitivity, the specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. Factor analysis was used to assess the suitability of the proposed number of components. RESULTS Decreased walking speed and decreased physical strength showed good internal consistency (α = 0.77 and 0.72, respectively); however, low physical activity was less satisfactory (α = 0.63). The sensitivity and specificity for identifying pre-frail individuals were 89.7% and 24.3%, respectively, while those for identifying frail individuals were 63.2% and 71.6%, respectively. In addition, 89.7% of the individuals from both the evaluations were identified in the “process of frailty” category. CONCLUSIONS The self-reported assessment of frailty can identify the syndrome among older adults and can be used as a screening tool. Its advantages include simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and ability to be used by different professionals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgg
                Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
                Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.
                Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1809-9823
                1981-2256
                June 2018
                : 21
                : 3
                : 301-311
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia Brazil
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades Brazil
                Article
                S1809-98232018000300301
                10.1590/1981-22562018021.180050
                561037cf-7e5f-4818-b9b7-50eab1f11788

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 November 2017
                : 20 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Idoso Fragilizado,Cuidadores,Health of the Elderly.,Frail Elderly,Caregivers,Saúde do Idoso.

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