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Osteology of an exceptionally well-preserved tapejarid skeleton from Brazil: Revealing the anatomy of a curious pterodactyloid clade
research-article
Author(s):
Victor Beccari
1
,
2
,
3
,
* ,
Felipe Lima Pinheiro
4 ,
Ivan Nunes
5 ,
Luiz Eduardo Anelli
6 ,
Octávio Mateus
2
,
3 ,
Fabiana Rodrigues Costa
7
Publication date (Electronic):
25 August 2021
Journal:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Read this article at
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Abstract
A remarkably well-preserved, almost complete and articulated new specimen (GP/2E 9266) of Tupandactylus navigans is here described for the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. The new specimen comprises an almost complete skeleton, preserving both the skull and post-cranium, associated with remarkable preservation of soft tissues, which makes it the most complete tapejarid known thus far. CT-Scanning was performed to allow the assessment of bones still covered by sediment. The specimen can be assigned to Tupa. navigans due to its vertical supra-premaxillary bony process and short and rounded parietal crest. It also bears the largest dentary crest among tapejarine pterosaurs and a notarium, which is absent in other representatives of the clade. The new specimen is here regarded as an adult individual. This is the first time that postcranial remains of Tupa. navigans are described, being also an unprecedented record of an articulated tapejarid skeleton from the Araripe Basin.
Related collections
Most cited references82
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- Abstract: found
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TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics
Pablo Goloboff, Santiago A. Catalano (2016)
Version 1.5 of the computer program TNT completely integrates landmark data into phylogenetic analysis. Landmark data consist of coordinates (in two or three dimensions) for the terminal taxa; TNT reconstructs shapes for the internal nodes such that the difference between ancestor and descendant shapes for all tree branches sums up to a minimum; this sum is used as tree score. Landmark data can be analysed alone or in combination with standard characters; all the applicable commands and options in TNT can be used transparently after reading a landmark data set. The program continues implementing all the types of analyses in former versions, including discrete and continuous characters (which can now be read at any scale, and automatically rescaled by TNT). Using algorithms described in this paper, searches for landmark data can be made tens to hundreds of times faster than it was possible before (from T to 3T times faster, where T is the number of taxa), thus making phylogenetic analysis of landmarks feasible even on standard personal computers.
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- Abstract: found
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The ontogeny of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs
S. Bennett (1993)
Immature specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon were identified using three size-independent criteria: (1) fusion of various cranial and postcranial elements; (2) degree of epiphyseal ossification; and (3) bone grain or degree of ossification of limb-bone shafts. Immature individuals make up 15% of available specimens of Pteranodon and do not differ significantly in size from mature individuals. This and the extensive fusion of the mature skeleton suggest that Pteranodon had determinate growth. The bone of limb-bone shafts of immature individuals is fibro-lamellar bone, which suggests that they grew rapidly to adult size. The size-independent criteria can also be used to identify immature and mature individuals of other pterosaur taxa, and other large pterodactyloids also probably exhibited rapid determinate growth.
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
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The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group.
Brian Andres, James Clark, Xing Xu (2014)
The pterosaurs were a diverse group of Mesozoic flying reptiles that underwent a body plan reorganization, adaptive radiation, and replacement of earlier forms midway through their long history, resulting in the origin of the Pterodactyloidea, a highly specialized clade containing the largest flying organisms. The sudden appearance and large suite of morphological features of this group were suggested to be the result of it originating in terrestrial environments, where the pterosaur fossil record has traditionally been poor [1, 2], and its many features suggested to be adaptations to those environments [1, 2]. However, little evidence has been available to test this hypothesis, and it has not been supported by previous phylogenies or early pterodactyloid discoveries. We report here the earliest pterosaur with the diagnostic elongate metacarpus of the Pterodactyloidea, Kryptodrakon progenitor, gen. et sp. nov., from the terrestrial Middle-Upper Jurassic boundary of Northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis confirms this species as the basalmost pterodactyloid and reconstructs a terrestrial origin and a predominantly terrestrial history for the Pterodactyloidea. Phylogenetic comparative methods support this reconstruction by means of a significant correlation between wing shape and environment also found in modern flying vertebrates, indicating that pterosaurs lived in or were at least adapted to the environments in which they were preserved.
Author and article information
Contributors
Victor Beccari:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-5702
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing
– original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Felipe Lima Pinheiro: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Ivan Nunes: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Luiz Eduardo Anelli: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Octávio Mateus:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-3616
Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Fabiana Rodrigues Costa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Giorgio Carnevale: Role: Editor
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
25
August
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 8
Electronic Location Identifier: e0254789
Affiliations
[2
]
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, GeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
[4
]
Laboratório de Paleobiologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil
[5
]
Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Herpetologia (LHERP), Universidade Estadual
Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
[6
]
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
Author notes
* E-mail:
victor.beccari@
123456gmail.com
Author information
Victor Beccari
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-5702
Octávio Mateus
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-3616
Article
Publisher ID: PONE-D-20-38270DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254789
PMC ID: 8386889
PubMed ID: 34432814
SO-VID: 5336b420-5e11-4d15-ba36-0163ef84464c
Copyright © © 2021 Beccari et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
History
Date
received
: 5
December
2020
Date
accepted
: 4
July
2021
Page count
Figures: 19,
Tables: 5,
Pages: 43
Funding
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;
Award ID: 407969/2016-0, 305758/2017-9
Award Recipient
:
Felipe Lima Pinheiro
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004263, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul;
Award ID: 16/2551-0000271-1
Award Recipient
:
Felipe Lima Pinheiro
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia;
Award ID: UIDB/04035/2020
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-3616
Octávio Mateus
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;
Award ID: 421772/2018-2
Award Recipient
:
Fabiana Rodrigues Costa
FLP is supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq process numbers 407969/2016-0, 305758/2017-9) and Fundacão de Amparo
à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS process number 16/2551-0000271-1).
OM is supported by grants from GeoBioTec-GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering
NOVA [GeoBioCiências, GeoTecnologias e GeoEngenharias], grant UIDB/04035/2020 by the
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. FRC is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for support (grant No. 421772/2018-2).
Categories
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Musculoskeletal System
Subject:
Skeleton
Subject:
Spine
Subject:
Vertebrae
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
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Anatomy
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Musculoskeletal System
Subject:
Skeleton
Subject:
Spine
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Vertebrae
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Anatomy
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Musculoskeletal System
Subject:
Skeleton
Subject:
Skull
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Anatomy
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Musculoskeletal System
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Skeleton
Subject:
Skull
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
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Organisms
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Eukaryota
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Subject:
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Subject:
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Subject:
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Cervical Vertebrae
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Musculoskeletal System
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Subject:
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Cervical Vertebrae
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Musculoskeletal System
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Anatomy
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Musculoskeletal System
Subject:
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Subject:
Spine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
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Musculoskeletal System
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Subject:
Femur
Custom metadata
Data Availability The Supplemental Files include the dataset adopted for the phylogenetic analysis.
The specimen described in this study is stored in the collection of the Coleção de
Paleontologia Sistemática of the Geosciences Institute of Universidade de São Paulo
under reference number: GP/2E 9266. Data inquiries may be sent to the data curator
Juliana de Moraes Leme at
leme@
123456usp.br
. The raw 3D data for the specimen can be found in the online repository of MorphoSource
at: ark:/87602/m4/369632.
ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
Data availability:
ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized