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      Effect of the matrix-edge-forest interior gradient on the phyllostomid bats assemblage in sub-Andean forest fragments Translated title: Efecto del gradiente matriz-borde-interior de bosque sobre la comunidad de murciélagos filostómidos en fragmentos de bosque subandino

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The edge effect is one of the consequences of forest fragmentation and is one of the main drivers of alteration of ecological and ecosystem processes. Trophic guilds and species of bats have shown differential responses to this phenomenon. Our goal was to describe the change in bat species richness, abundance, evenness, and species composition of trophic guilds associated with a matrix-edge-forest interior gradient. Therefore, we conducted a bat sampling with 16 mist nets covering such gradient in four sub-andean forest fragments (10-50 ha). In total, we captured 566 individuals of 21 species of phyllostomid bats. Bat species richness and abundance were higher in the matrix and edge and were similar between fragments. Evenness showed the lowest values in the matrix and forest edge and was different between forest patches. Some shrub frugivorous bats were more abundant in the edge, and others were more abundant in two fragments. Species composition of canopy frugivorous bats was similar along the gradient but was significantly different between fragments. In contrast, the species composition of nectarivores was similar throughout the matrix-interior forest gradient and between patches. Our data suggest that bat responses at assemblage-level are affected by the disturbance gradient from the matrix to forest interior, even at short distances form fragment borders, and are dependent on the trophic guild.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El efecto de borde es una de las consecuencias de la fragmentación del bosque y es uno de los principales motores de alteración de procesos ecológicos y ecosistémicos. Las especies y gremios tróficos de murciélagos han mostrado diferentes respuestas a este fenómeno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las relaciones entre el efecto de borde y la riqueza de especies, abundancia, equitatividad y composición de gremios de murciélagos asociados a un gradiente matriz-borde-interior de bosque. Para esto, se realizó un muestreo con 16 redes de niebla cubriendo dicho gradiente en cuatro fragmentos de bosque subandino (10-50 ha). En total, capturamos 566 individuos de 21 especies de filostómidos. La riqueza de especies y su abundancia fueron mayores en el borde y en la matriz, pero fueron similares entre los fragmentos. La equitatividad de las especies fue menor en la matriz y el borde, y fue diferente entre los fragmentos. Algunas especies de frugívoros de sotobosque fueron más abundantes en el borde y otras lo fueron en dos de los fragmentos. La composición de los frugívoros de dosel fue similar a lo largo del gradiente, pero difirió entre fragmentos. Por su parte, la composición de los nectarívoros fue similar a lo largo del gradiente y entre los fragmentos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las respuestas de los murciélagos a nivel comunitario son afectadas por el gradiente de disturbio desde la matriz hacia el interior del bosque, aún a cortas distancias del borde, y son dependientes del gremio trófico.

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          Simultaneous inference in general parametric models.

          Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here. Copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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            Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems

            Urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity.
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              Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation.

              C. Murcia (1995)
              Edges are presumed to have deleterious consequences for the organisms that remain in forest fragments. However, there is substantial discrepancy among recent studies about the existence and intensity of edge effects. Most studies have focused on seeking simplistic and static patterns. Very few have tested mechanistic hypotheses or explored the factors that modulate edge effects. Consequently,studies are very site-specifci and their results cannot be generalized to produce a universal theory of edges. Although estimates of the intensity and impact of edge effects in fragmented forests are urgently required, little can be done to ameliorate edge effects unless their mechanics are better understood. Copyright © 1995. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cal
                Caldasia
                Caldasia
                Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0366-5232
                2357-3759
                December 2021
                : 43
                : 2
                : 274-285
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Grupo en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Colombia aotalora@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Colombia hflopeza@ 123456unal.edu.co
                Article
                S0366-52322021000200274 S0366-5232(21)04300200274
                10.15446/caldasia.v43n2.85071
                503bf9c3-04ff-41ea-814e-1c2b1f5ccf25

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2020
                : 05 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 70, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                riqueza,Edge effects,fragmentación,murciélagos filostómidos,bosques andinos,Efecto de Borde,phyllostomid bats,richness,Andean forests,fragmentation

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