Evaluation of elevated serum liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome in the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study population

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum liver enzymes and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 10,519 individuals between the ages of 35 and 70 enrolled in the PGCS. The gathered data encompassed demographic information, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical indicators. MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP III). The associations between elevated liver enzymes and MetS were examined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 41.8 %, and the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were 19.4, 4.6, 11.6, and 5.1 %, respectively. In the unadjusted model, elevated ALT, AST, and GGT were associated with increased odds of MetS (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.41–1.71; OR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.55, and OR = 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.69–2.14, respectively). These associations remained significant for ALT and GGT after adjustment for some demographic and clinical characteristics (aOR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.17–1.46 and aOR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.14–1.49, respectively). In addition, the odds of MetS increased with the number of elevated liver enzymes, up to almost 1.32-fold among subjects with three/four elevated liver enzymes.

Conclusion

The higher incidence of elevated liver enzymes was associated with an increased likelihood of MetS. Including liver markers in diagnosing and predicting MetS holds promise and is considered a possible approach.