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      Perspective of Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Role in Biomedical Applications

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          Abstract

          In recent years, although many review articles have been presented about bioapplications of magnetic nanoparticles by some research groups with different expertise such as chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and materials science and engineering, the majority of these reviews are insufficiently comprehensive in all related topics like magnetic aspects of process. In the current review, it is attempted to carry out the inclusive surveys on importance of magnetic nanoparticles and especially magnetite ones and their required conditions for appropriate performance in bioapplications. The main attentions of this paper are focused on magnetic features which are less considered. Accordingly, the review contains essential magnetic properties and their measurement methods, synthesis techniques, surface modification processes, and applications of magnetic nanoparticles.

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          Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate.

          The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the "Earth system": a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.
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            Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy.

            At present, nanoparticles are used for various biomedical applications where they facilitate laboratory diagnostics and therapeutics. More specifically for drug delivery purposes, the use of nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention due to their unique capabilities and their negligible side effects not only in cancer therapy but also in the treatment of other ailments. Among all types of nanoparticles, biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with proper surface architecture and conjugated targeting ligands/proteins have attracted a great deal of attention for drug delivery applications. This review covers recent advances in the development of SPIONs together with their possibilities and limitations from fabrication to application in drug delivery. In addition, the state-of-the-art synthetic routes and surface modification of desired SPIONs for drug delivery purposes are described. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Exchange-coupled magnetic nanoparticles for efficient heat induction.

              The conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat by nanoparticles has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive technique for biotechnology applications such as drug release, disease treatment and remote control of single cell functions, but poor conversion efficiencies have hindered practical applications so far. In this Letter, we demonstrate a significant increase in the efficiency of magnetic thermal induction by nanoparticles. We take advantage of the exchange coupling between a magnetically hard core and magnetically soft shell to tune the magnetic properties of the nanoparticle and maximize the specific loss power, which is a gauge of the conversion efficiency. The optimized core-shell magnetic nanoparticles have specific loss power values that are an order of magnitude larger than conventional iron-oxide nanoparticles. We also perform an antitumour study in mice, and find that the therapeutic efficacy of these nanoparticles is superior to that of a common anticancer drug.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biochem Res Int
                Biochem Res Int
                BRI
                Biochemistry Research International
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2090-2247
                2090-2255
                2016
                12 May 2016
                : 2016
                : 7840161
                Affiliations
                1Department of Material Science and Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
                2Biotechnology Research Center and Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917751365, Iran
                Author notes
                *Mohammad Reza Ghazanfari: ghazanfari.mr@ 123456gmail.com

                Academic Editor: Gary A. Lorigan

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-6831
                Article
                10.1155/2016/7840161
                4884576
                27293893
                4b7a320d-8fa9-4727-a8f1-3eaf4161f21a
                Copyright © 2016 Mohammad Reza Ghazanfari et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 October 2015
                : 25 March 2016
                : 4 April 2016
                Categories
                Review Article

                Biochemistry
                Biochemistry

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