22
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Evaluation of cytokines in type 1 diabetes patients with and without retinopathy Translated title: Avaliação de citocinas em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 com e sem retinopatia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the greatest public health problems in the world; the numerous complications of this disease are the focus of great concern, as they are related to high morbidity and mortality. Among the complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication. Objectives: Evaluate the association of plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) with diabetic retinopathy and the correlation of plasma levels of these cytokines together. Material and method: 125 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included in this study - 55 with retinopathy and 70 without retinopathy. Cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry. Results and discussion: A significant association of the levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 with retinopathy was not observed, possibly because measurements were performed on plasma samples, but not on vitreous humor. However, a positive correlation of cytokines among themselves (p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusion: Cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 presented a positive correlation among themselves, what suggests that they may act together in the development and progression of vascular complications in diabetes patients.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Introdução: O diabetes mellitus é considerado um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo; as numerosas complicações decorrentes dessa patologia são foco de grande preocupação, pois estão relacionadas com elevadas morbidade e mortalidade. Entre as complicações decorrentes do diabetes, a retinopatia diabética é considerada a complicação microvascular mais comum. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação dos níveis plasmáticos das citocinas inflamatórias interleucina 6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ) e da citocina anti-inflamatória interleucina 10 (IL-10) com a retinopatia diabética, bem como a correlação dos níveis plasmáticos dessas citocinas entre si. Material e método: Foram incluídos no estudo 125 pacientes diabéticos tipo 1, sendo 55 portadores de retinopatia e 70 sem retinopatia. As citocinas IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ e IL-10 foram determinadas pelo método de citometria de fluxo. Resultados e discussão: Não foi observada associação significativa dos níveis das citocinas IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ e IL-10 com a retinopatia, possivelmente devido às dosagens terem sido realizadas em amostras de plasma e não de humor vítreo/aquoso. Porém, foi observada correlação positiva das citocinas entre si (p < 0,001). Conclusão: As citocinas IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ e IL-10 apresentaram correlação positiva entre si, o que sugere que elas podem atuar em conjunto no desenvolvimento e na progressão das complicações vasculares nos pacientes diabéticos.

          Related collections

          Most cited references33

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy.

          Cytokines act as pleiotropic polypeptides regulating inflammatory and immune responses through actions on cells. They provide important signals in the pathophysiology of a range of diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its microvascular complications. Inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18, as well as TNF-alpha, are involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. In this context, cytokine genetics is of special interest to combinatorial polymorphisms among cytokine genes, their functional variations, and general susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. Finally, the recognition of these molecules as significant pathogenic mediators in diabetic nephropathy leaves open the possibility of new potential therapeutic targets.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy

            Diabetes is now regarded as an epidemic, with the population of patients expected to rise to 380 million by 2025. Tragically, this will lead to approximately 4 million people around the world losing their sight from diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in patients aged 20 to 74 years. The risk of development and progression of diabetic retinopathy is closely associated with the type and duration of diabetes, blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly lipids. Although landmark cross-sectional studies have confirmed the strong relationship between chronic hyperglycaemia and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, the underlying mechanism of how hyperglycaemia causes retinal microvascular damage remains unclear. Continued research worldwide has focussed on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms with the ultimate goal to prevent DR. The aim of this paper is to introduce the multiple interconnecting biochemical pathways that have been proposed and tested as key contributors in the development of DR, namely, increased polyol pathway, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), increased expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), haemodynamic changes, accelerated formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and subclinical inflammation and capillary occlusion. New pharmacological therapies based on some of these underlying pathogenic mechanisms are also discussed.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Diabetic Retinopathy and Inflammation: Novel Therapeutic Targets

              Most anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies in diabetic macular edema are not as robust as in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Although the VEGF appears to be a good target in diabetic macular edema, the anti-VEGF therapies appear to be of transient benefit as the edema recurs within a few weeks, and repeated injections are necessary. There is new evidence that indicates ‘retinal inflammation’ as an important player in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. There are common sets of inflammatory cytokines that are upregulated in both the serum and vitreous and aqueous samples, in subjects with diabetic retinopathy, and these cytokines can have multiple interactions to impact the pathogenesis of the disease. The key inflammatory events involved in the blood retinal barrier (BRB) alteration appear to be: (1) Increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as ICAM1, VCAM1, PECAM-1, and P-selectin, (2) adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium, (3) release of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and vascular permeability factors, (4) alteration of adherens and tight junctional proteins between the endothelial cells, and (5) infiltration of leukocytes into the neuro-retina, resulting in the alteration of the blood retinal barrier (diapedesis). VEGF inhibition itself may not achieve neutralization of other inflammatory molecules involved in the inflammatory cascade of the breakdown of the BRB. It is possible that the novel selective inhibitors of the inflammatory cascade (like angiopoietin-2, TNFα, and chemokines) may be useful therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), either alone or in combination with the anti-VEGF drugs.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica; Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia; Sociedade Brasileira de Citopatologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1678-4774
                February 2017
                : 53
                : 1
                : 31-37
                Affiliations
                [2] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [1] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei Brazil
                Article
                S1676-24442017000100031
                10.5935/1676-2444.20170001
                48439064-3c42-41b6-9c8c-45f8ed45ba2d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 September 2016
                : 28 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                diabetes mellitus tipo 1,retinopatia diabética,citocinas,inflamação,diabetes mellitus type 1,diabetic retinopathy,cytokines,inflammation

                Comments

                Comment on this article