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      Social stigma towards neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review

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      Journal: International Health
      Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          People affected by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are frequently the target of social stigmatization. To date not much attention has been given to stigma in relation to NTDs. The objective of this review is to identify the extent of social stigma and the similarities and differences in the causes, manifestations, impact of stigma and interventions used between the NTDs.

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          Beliefs and attitudes toward Buruli ulcer in Ghana.

          Ymkje Stienstra, Ineke Bos, Tineke C. T. M. van der Pouw Kraan … (2002)
          Buruli ulcer is a devastating emerging disease in tropical countries. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained by interviewing patients with this disease and control subjects in Ghana. Common perceived causes were witchcraft and curses. Other reported causes were personal hygiene, environment, and close contact with a patient with this disease. Financial difficulties, fear of the mutilating aspects of treatment, and social stigma were the main reasons found for delay in obtaining treatment. Patients are reluctant to seek treatment outside their own community. Patients often expected medical treatment instead of surgery, and underestimated the duration of hospital admission. The stigma of the disease is huge, and is strongly associated with the mysterious nature of the condition, the lack of knowledge about its mode of transmission, and the lack of proper treatment. Stigma scores were higher in unaffected respondents and in a less endemic location. Education on the disease, usually propagated for early case detection, might be useful in reducing stigma.
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            Stigma in leprosy: concepts, causes and determinants.

            Silatham Sermrittirong, Wim H Van Brakel (2014)
            Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has stigmatised people affected since ancient times until now. This has resulted in difficulties in the lives of those affected.
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              Gender and leprosy: case studies in Indonesia, Nigeria, Nepal and Brazil.

              Phillip Patrobas, José Moreira, Corlien Varkevisser … (2009)
              There appear to be regional differences in gender ratios of leprosy patients being diagnosed and treated. In Asian countries, more men than women are registered whilst in Africa female patients outnumber males. The Netherlands Leprosy Relief (NLR) therefore initiated research into factors underlying these regional gender differences. Between 1997 and 1999, leprosy control teams in Indonesia, Nigeria, Nepal and Brazil supported by social/public health scientists, conducted comparative exploratory research. They looked at three groups of potential explanatory factors: biological, socio-cultural/economic and service-related. The studies were partially quantitative (analysis of the records of patients who according to prescription could have completed treatment) and partially qualitative (interviews/focus group discussions with patients, their relatives, community members and health staff on perceptions of leprosy, its socio-economic consequences, treatment and cure). Biological factors appeared similar in the four countries: irrespective of the M/F ratio, more men than women were registered with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Strong traditions, the low status of women, their limited mobility, illiteracy and poor knowledge of leprosy appeared to be important sociocultural factors explaining why women were under reporting. Yet, accessible, well reputed services augmented female participation and helped to diminish stigma, which in three out of the four societies seemed greater for women than for men. These positive effects could still be higher if the services would enhance community and patient education with active participation of patients and ex-patients themselves.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: International Health
                Abbreviated Title: Int. Health
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
                ISSN (Print): 1876-3413
                ISSN (Electronic): 1876-3405
                Publication date Created: March 03 2016
                Publication date Created: March 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): March 03 2016
                Publication date (Print): March 2016
                Volume: 8
                Issue: suppl 1
                Pages: i53-i70
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihv071
                PubMed ID: 26940310
                SO-VID: 47f63d24-6e4f-4e43-8286-43baad6908eb
                Copyright © © 2016
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