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      Felsic volcanism as a factor driving the end-Permian mass extinction

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Felsic volcanism in South China with Cu, Hg, and S released exacerbated environmental changes that drove the end-Permian extinction.

          Abstract

          The Siberian Traps large igneous province (STLIP) is commonly invoked as the primary driver of global environmental changes that triggered the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). Here, we explore the contributions of coeval felsic volcanism to end-Permian environmental changes. We report evidence of extreme Cu enrichment in the EPME interval in South China. The enrichment is associated with an increase in the light Cu isotope, melt inclusions rich in copper and sulfides, and Hg concentration spikes. The Cu and Hg elemental and isotopic signatures can be linked to S-rich vapor produced by felsic volcanism. We use these previously unknown geochemical data to estimate volcanic SO 2 injections and argue that this volcanism would have produced several degrees of rapid cooling before or coincident with the more protracted global warming. Large-scale eruptions near the South China block synchronous with the EPME strengthen the case that the STLIP may not have been the sole trigger.

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          Composition of the Continental Crust

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            Precise analysis of copper and zinc isotopic compositions by plasma-source mass spectrometry

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              High-precision timeline for Earth's most severe extinction.

              The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe loss of marine and terrestrial biota in the last 542 My. Understanding its cause and the controls on extinction/recovery dynamics depends on an accurate and precise age model. U-Pb zircon dates for five volcanic ash beds from the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, China, define an age model for the extinction and allow exploration of the links between global environmental perturbation, carbon cycle disruption, mass extinction, and recovery at millennial timescales. The extinction occurred between 251.941 ± 0.037 and 251.880 ± 0.031 Mya, an interval of 60 ± 48 ka. Onset of a major reorganization of the carbon cycle immediately precedes the initiation of extinction and is punctuated by a sharp (3‰), short-lived negative spike in the isotopic composition of carbonate carbon. Carbon cycle volatility persists for ∼500 ka before a return to near preextinction values. Decamillenial to millennial level resolution of the mass extinction and its aftermath will permit a refined evaluation of the relative roles of rate-dependent processes contributing to the extinction, allowing insight into postextinction ecosystem expansion, and establish an accurate time point for evaluating the plausibility of trigger and kill mechanisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing - original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Visualization
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisition
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                November 2021
                17 November 2021
                : 7
                : 47
                : eabh1390
                Affiliations
                [1 ]LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
                [2 ]State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
                [3 ]Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
                [4 ]Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121 National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
                [5 ]Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
                [6 ]Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
                [7 ]Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
                [8 ]State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
                [9 ]Institute of Deep Time Terrestrial Ecology and Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
                [10 ]Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
                [11 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
                [12 ]State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
                [13 ]State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry and Center of Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
                [14 ]Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: szshen@ 123456nju.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5871-8264
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-445X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-0355
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-5614
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-1522
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-7630
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-5073
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-1144
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-3200
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-9700
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-8508
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-0692
                Article
                abh1390
                10.1126/sciadv.abh1390
                8597993
                34788084
                4723f280-a37a-4dd2-935e-e070b219ebc8
                Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 February 2021
                : 28 September 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: U1702242
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 91955201
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 41625012
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 41961144028
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002367, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
                Award ID: XDB18000000
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002367, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
                Award ID: XDB26000000
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002367, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
                Award ID: QYZDYSSW-DQC023
                Funded by: Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research;
                Award ID: 2019QZKK0706
                Funded by: Ministry of Education of China;
                Award ID: 0206-14380125, DLTD2102
                Categories
                Research Article
                Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences
                SciAdv r-articles
                Geochemistry
                Paleontology
                Geochemistry
                Custom metadata
                Anne Suarez

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