Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis

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Abstract

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide.

Objective

To evaluate the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) by stratifying the comorbidity status.

Methods

We analysed the data from 1590 laboratory-confirmed hospitalised patients 575 hospitals in 31 province/autonomous regions/provincial municipalities across mainland China between December 11 ^th, 2019 and January 31 ^st, 2020. We analyse the composite endpoints, which consisted of admission to intensive care unit, or invasive ventilation, or death. The risk of reaching to the composite endpoints was compared according to the presence and number of comorbidities.

Results

The mean age was 48.9 years. 686 patients (42.7%) were females. Severe cases accounted for 16.0% of the study population. 131 (8.2%) patients reached to the composite endpoints. 399 (25.1%) reported having at least one comorbidity. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (16.9%), followed by diabetes (8.2%). 130 (8.2%) patients reported having two or more comorbidities. After adjusting for age and smoking status, COPD [hazards ratio (HR) 2.681, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.424–5.048], diabetes (HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.03–2.45), hypertension (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.07–2.32) and malignancy (HR 3.50, 95%CI 1.60–7.64) were risk factors of reaching to the composite endpoints. The HR was 1.79 (95%CI 1.16–2.77) among patients with at least one comorbidity and 2.59 (95%CI 1.61–4.17) among patients with two or more comorbidities.

Conclusion

Among laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19, patients with any comorbidity yielded poorer clinical outcomes than those without. A greater number of comorbidities also correlated with poorer clinical outcomes.

Abstract

The presence and number of comorbidities predicted clinical outcomes of Covid-19.

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Most cited references 26

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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li … (2020)

Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.

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Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Wei-jie Guan, Zheng-yi Ni, Yu Hu … (2020)

Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)

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Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)

In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Respir J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur. Respir. J

Journal ID (publisher-id): ERJ

Journal ID (hwp): erj

Title: The European Respiratory Journal

Publisher: European Respiratory Society

ISSN (Print): 0903-1936

ISSN (Electronic): 1399-3003

Publication date (Electronic): 26 March 2020

Electronic Location Identifier: 2000547

Affiliations

[1 ]State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

[2 ]Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

[3 ]The sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China

[4 ]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

[5 ]State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

[6 ]Wuhan Jin-yintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[7 ]Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[8 ]Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China

[9 ]The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China

[10 ]The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

[11 ]Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

[12 ]The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[13 ]Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[14 ]Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

[15 ]Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China

[16 ]Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[17 ]Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

[18 ]The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China

[19 ]The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya, Hainan, China

[20 ]Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China

[21 ]Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China

[22 ]The Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei, China

[23 ]Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China

[24 ]Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao, China

[25 ]The People's Hospital of Huangpi District, Wuhan, China

[26 ]joint first authors

Author notes

Prof. Jian-xing He MD, PhD, FACS, FRCS, AATS active member, ESTS member. Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: drjianxing.he@ 123456gmail.com ; and Nan-Shan Zhong. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. E-mail: nanshan@ 123456vip.163.com

Article

Publisher ID: ERJ-00547-2020

DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00547-2020

PMC ID: 7098485

PubMed ID: 32217650

SO-VID: 46bc4598-7cbd-4540-bcbe-f3dac46308ec

License:

This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0.

History

Date received : 4 March 2020

Date accepted : 13 March 2020

Funding

Funded by: National Health Commission

Funded by: Guangdong Science and Technology Department , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100007162;

Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis

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Abstract

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 26

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

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