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      Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities

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          Highlights

          • •

            Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption have been substantial.

          • •

            The changes in energy intensity (GDP/Mtoe) presented spatial-temporal differences.

          • •

            System thinking is recommended to analyse how to stabilise energy demand.

          • •

            The energy recovery presents heterogeneous characteristics in countries/regions.

          • •

            The rebound effects of digitalisation in energy consumption need to be assessed.

          Abstract

          COVID-19 has caused great challenges to the energy industry. Potential new practices and social forms being facilitated by the pandemics are having impacts on energy demand and consumption. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities of impacts appear gradually due to the dynamics of pandemics and mitigation measures. This paper overviews the impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemics on energy demand and consumption and highlights energy-related lessons and emerging opportunities. The discussion on energy-related issues is divided into four main sections: emergency situation and its impacts, environmental impacts and stabilising energy demand, recovering energy demand, and lessons and emerging opportunities. The changes in energy requirements are compared and analysed from multiple perspectives according to available data and information. In general, although the overall energy demand declines, the spatial and temporal variations are complicated. The energy intensity has presented apparent changes, the extra energy for COVID-19 fighting is non-negligible for stabilising energy demand, and the energy recovery in different regions presents significant differences. A crucial issue has been to allocate and find energy-related emerging opportunities for the post pandemics. This study could offer a direction in opening new avenues for increasing energy efficiency and promoting energy saving.

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          The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

          Maria R.C. Nicola, Zaid Alsafi, Catrin Sohrabi … (2020)
          The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 1.4 million confirmed cases and over 83,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions forced a decrease in the workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need of commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector has also seen a great demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2043 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Is Open Access

            Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period

            Stephen M. Kissler, Christine Tedijanto, Edward Goldstein … (2020)
            It is urgent to understand the future of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. We used estimates of seasonality, immunity, and cross-immunity for betacoronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 from time series data from the USA to inform a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We projected that recurrent wintertime outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will probably occur after the initial, most severe pandemic wave. Absent other interventions, a key metric for the success of social distancing is whether critical care capacities are exceeded. To avoid this, prolonged or intermittent social distancing may be necessary into 2022. Additional interventions, including expanded critical care capacity and an effective therapeutic, would improve the success of intermittent distancing and hasten the acquisition of herd immunity. Longitudinal serological studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Even in the event of apparent elimination, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance should be maintained since a resurgence in contagion could be possible as late as 2024.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1203 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement

              Corinne Le Quéré, Robert B. Jackson, Matthew Jones … (2020)
              Article 0 comments Cited 732 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Appl Energy
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Appl Energy
                Title: Applied Energy
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0306-2619
                ISSN (Electronic): 0306-2619
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 January 2021
                Publication date (Print): 1 March 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 January 2021
                Volume: 285
                Page: 116441
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Systems Science, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
                [b ]Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0306-2619(21)00009-X Publisher ID: 116441
                DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116441
                PMC ID: 7834155
                PubMed ID: 33519038
                SO-VID: 45fb5b15-b801-479a-a627-da613d4fff84
                Copyright © © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 7 November 2020
                Date revision received : 16 December 2020
                Date accepted : 3 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,energy impacts,environmental impacts,energy recovery,lessons,emerging opportunities
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, energy impacts, environmental impacts, energy recovery, lessons, emerging opportunities

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