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      Feasibility, psychological outcomes and practical use of a stress-preventive leadership intervention in the workplace hospital: the results of a mixed-method phase-II study

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Hospitals are psychologically demanding workplaces with a need for context-specific stress-preventive leadership interventions. A stress-preventive interprofessional leadership intervention for middle management has been developed. This phase-II study investigates its feasibility and outcomes, including work-related stress, well-being and transformational leadership.

          Design

          This is a mixed-methods study with three measure points (T0: baseline, T1: after the last training session, T2: 3-month follow-up). Additionally, focus groups were conducted to assess participants’ change in everyday work.

          Setting

          A tertiary hospital in Germany.

          Participants

          N=93 leaders of different professions.

          Intervention

          An interactive group setting intervention divided in five separate sessions ((1) self-care as a leader, (2) leadership attitudes and behaviour, (3) motives, needs and stressors of employees, (4) strengthen the resource ‘team’, (5) reflection and focus groups). The intervention was conducted between June 2018 and March 2020 in k=5 runs of the intervention.

          Outcome measures

          Feasibility and acceptance were measured with a self-developed intervention specific questionnaire. Psychological outcomes were assessed with the following scales: work-related strain with the Irritation Scale, well-being with the WHO-5 Well-being Index and transformational leadership with the Questionnaire of Integrative Leadership.

          Results

          After the intervention at T2, over 90% of participants reported that they would recommend the intervention to another coworker (92.1%, n=59) and all participants (n=64) were satisfied with the intervention and rated the intervention as practical relevant for their everyday work. Participants’ self-rated cognitive irritation was reduced, whereas their well-being and transformational leadership behaviour were improved over time. Focus group discussions revealed that participants implemented intervention contents successfully in their everyday work.

          Conclusions

          This intervention was feasible and showed first promising intraindividual changes in psychological outcomes. Participants confirmed its practical relevance. As a next step, the intervention will be evaluated as part of a multicentre—randomised controlled trial within the project SEEGEN (SEElische GEsundheit am Arbeitsplatz KrankeNhaus).

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              Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

              <p><b>The reissue of a classic work, now with a foreword by Daniel Goleman!</b><p>Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book <i>Psychological Stress and the Coping Process</i>. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation.</p> <p>As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages.</p> <p>This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.</p>
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Open
                bmjopen
                bmjopen
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                2044-6055
                2022
                23 February 2022
                : 12
                : 2
                : e049951
                Affiliations
                [1 ]departmentDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
                [2 ]departmentInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
                [3 ]Echt:Zeit Coaching , Esslingen, Germany
                [4 ]departmentDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
                [5 ]departmentInstitute of Psychology, Work and Organisational Psychology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
                [6 ]departmentInstitute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine , University of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf, Germany
                [7 ]departmentDepartment for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
                [8 ]departmentChair of Business Administration, Human Resource Management and Organisation Studies , Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf, Germany
                [9 ]departmentPsychiatry and Psychotherapy II , Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
                [10 ]departmentDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg, Germany
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Felicitas Stuber; felicitas.stuber@ 123456med.uni-tuebingen.de
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-3881
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5935-539X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-9378
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-2647
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-4271
                Article
                bmjopen-2021-049951
                10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049951
                8867373
                35197332
                43829d38-dbfe-4b2a-8674-8de87ccdbf53
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 08 February 2021
                : 20 December 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF);
                Award ID: 01GL1752C
                Categories
                Health Services Research
                1506
                1704
                Original research
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                Medicine
                education & training (see medical education & training),mental health,occupational & industrial medicine,public health

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