Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches

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Abstract

Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology radically changed the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases in all aspects of human life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. AgNPs play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. Although several noble metals have been used for various purposes, AgNPs have been focused on potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using physical, chemical, and biological methods. We also discuss the properties of AgNPs and methods for their characterization. More importantly, we extensively discuss the multifunctional bio-applications of AgNPs; for example, as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer agents, and the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of AgNPs. In addition, we discuss therapeutic approaches and challenges for cancer therapy using AgNPs. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspective of AgNPs.

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Most cited references 242

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Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

Sukdeb Pal, Yu Tak, Joon Myong Song (2007)

In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatment, resulting in cell death. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with a {111} lattice plane as the basal plane displayed the strongest biocidal action, compared with spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles and with Ag(+) (in the form of AgNO(3)). It is proposed that nanoscale size and the presence of a {111} plane combine to promote this biocidal property. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.

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Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Sabine A. Eming, Thomas Krieg, Jeffrey Davidson (2007)

In post-natal life the inflammatory response is an inevitable consequence of tissue injury. Experimental studies established the dogma that inflammation is essential to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis following injury, and in recent years information about specific subsets of inflammatory cell lineages and the cytokine network orchestrating inflammation associated with tissue repair has increased. Recently, this dogma has been challenged, and reports have raised questions on the validity of the essential prerequisite of inflammation for efficient tissue repair. Indeed, in experimental models of repair, inflammation has been shown to delay healing and to result in increased scarring. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, a hallmark of the non-healing wound, predisposes tissue to cancer development. Thus, a more detailed understanding in mechanisms controlling the inflammatory response during repair and how inflammation directs the outcome of the healing process will serve as a significant milestone in the therapy of pathological tissue repair. In this paper, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation in cutaneous tissue repair and provide a rationale for targeting the inflammatory phase in order to modulate the outcome of the healing response.

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Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal.

Svitlana Chernousova, Matthias Epple (2013)

The antibacterial action of silver is utilized in numerous consumer products and medical devices. Metallic silver, silver salts, and also silver nanoparticles are used for this purpose. The state of research on the effect of silver on bacteria, cells, and higher organisms is summarized. It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed. However, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Bing Yan: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 13 September 2016

Publication date Collection: September 2016

Volume: 17

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 1534

Affiliations

[1 ]College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; zhangxf9465@ 123456163.com (X.-F.Z.); zhiguo_l@ 123456126.com (Z.-G.L.)

[2 ]Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; shenwei427@ 123456126.com

[3 ]Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: gsangiliyandi@ 123456yahoo.com ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0457; Fax: +82-2-544-4645

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-17-01534

DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091534

PMC ID: 5037809

PubMed ID: 27649147

SO-VID: 4258f0f2-d6b0-4f6e-b685-8dbb367f9f47

License:

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches

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Abstract

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Most cited references 242

Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal.

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