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      Measuring Food Insecurity in India: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence

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          Abstract

          Purpose of Review

          India is home to an estimated 200 million malnourished people, suggesting widespread food insecurity. However, variations in the methods used for determining food insecurity status mean there is uncertainty in the data and severity of food insecurity across the country. This systematic review investigated the peer-reviewed literature examining food insecurity in India to identify both the breadth of research being conducted as well as the instruments used and the populations under study.

          Recent Findings

          Nine databases were searched in March 2020. After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 53 articles were reviewed. The most common tool for measuring food insecurity was the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), followed by the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Reported food insecurity ranged from 8.7 to 99% depending on the measurement tool and population under investigation. This study found variations in methods for the assessment of food insecurity in India and the reliance on cross-sectional studies.

          Summary

          Based on the findings of this review and the size and diversity of the Indian population, there is an opportunity for the development and implementation of an Indian-specific food security measure to allow researchers to collect better data on food insecurity. Considering India’s widespread malnutrition and high prevalence of food insecurity, the development of such a tool will go part of way in addressing nutrition-related public health in India.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13668-023-00470-3.

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          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2024)
          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

            Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2010)
            Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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              Measuring household food insecurity: why it's so important and yet so difficult to do.

              Thomas J Coates, Anne Swindale, Patrick Webb … (2006)
              Food insecurity is a daily reality for hundreds of millions of people around the world. Although its most extreme manifestations are often obvious, many other households facing constraints in their access to food are less identifiable. Operational agencies lack a method for differentiating households at varying degrees of food insecurity in order to target and evaluate their interventions. This chapter provides an overview of a set of papers associated with a research initiative that seeks to identify more precise, yet simple, measures of household food insecurity. The overview highlights three main conceptual developments associated with practical approaches to measuring constraints in access to food: 1) a shift from using measures of food availability and utilization to measuring "inadequate access"; 2) a shift from a focus on objective to subjective measures; and 3) a growing emphasis on fundamental measurement as opposed to reliance on distal, proxy measures. Further research is needed regarding 1) how well measures of household food insecurity designed for chronically food-insecure contexts capture the processes leading to, and experience of, acute food insecurity, 2) the impact of short-term shocks, such as major floods or earthquake, on household behaviors that determine responses to food security questions, 3) better measurement of the interaction between severity and frequency of household food insecurity behaviors, and 4) the determination of whether an individual's response to survey questions can be representative of the food insecurity experiences of all members of the household.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Fiona H. McKay:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-3572
                fiona.mckay@deakin.edu.au
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Nutr Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Nutr Rep
                Title: Current Nutrition Reports
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2161-3311
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 April 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 6 April 2023
                Publication date (Print): 2023
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 358-367
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.1021.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0526 7079, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, , Deakin University, ; Victoria, Australia
                [2 ]GRID grid.1021.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0526 7079, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, , Deakin University, ; Victoria, Australia
                [3 ]GRID grid.1021.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0526 7079, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, , Deakin University, ; Geelong, Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-3572
                Article
                Publisher ID: 470
                DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00470-3
                PMC ID: 10264273
                PubMed ID: 37022635
                SO-VID: 42212e1c-666b-45a6-9225-31b1768526fb
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date accepted : 9 March 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Deakin University
                Open Access :

                Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions.

                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: india,food insecurity,measurement,nutrition,health,review
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: india, food insecurity, measurement, nutrition, health, review

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